EH.net is owned and operated by the Economic History Association with the support of other sponsoring organizations.
Guthrie, W. American Economic History
Course Syllabus: ECO 3540 - American Economic History
(1580 - 1945)
MWF 11:00-11:50 New COB Rm #3013
Fall 1991 Dr. William Guthrie
PREREQUISITIES:ECO 2030 AND 2040, HIS 1101 AND 1102 (or trans-
fer equivalents); Junior, Senior or Graduate
standing.
OFFICE:3106 New COB PHONES: 262-6126 (office)
262-2148 (dept.)
OFFICE HOURS:MW 8:00-9:00, 10:00-11:00, 1:00-2:00
T 9:00-11:00 Th 1:00-3:00
TEXTS: Walton & Rockoff, History of the American
Economy, 6th Ed., New York: HBJ, 1990
Lee and Passell, A New Economic View of American
History, New York: W.W Norton, 1979
COURSE GOALS &
OBJECTIVES:To study the development of the material
conditions of American life -- consumption,
production, exchange and distribution -- from
the Colonial Period through World War II.
To further our understanding of American History
by applying the basic principles of economic
analysis.
To test the alternative explanations of events
offered by economic historians.
PRESENTATION
GROUPS:During the first week of the course each of you
will select a Presentation Group consisting of 3
or 4 students. These groups will share with me
the responsibility for selecing and presenting
subject matter to the entire class. Each group
will select a particular theme or topic, and
will report on this theme three or four times
during the course. Examples of such themes and
topics include: development of agri-culture or
manufacturing, changes in monetary policy, the
evolving status of labor or changes in the
distribution of occupations, the economic causes
and consequences of wars, etc.
Please note that this list is suggestive, not
exhaustive.
REQUIREMENTS:(1) ORAL (GROUP) PRESENTATIONS to the class take
advantage of an effective learning device:
presenting and explaining material to others.
Presentations will generally run from 15 to 30
minutes in length. Students in each group may
allocate the work as they see fit, with the
understanding that all members will receive the
same grade on each presentation. Therefore,
work should be divided more or less equally.
(2) WRITTEN TOPIC SUMMARIES that are three to
four pages in length. These summaries should
highlight the more significant and contro-
versial findings from the research conducted
while preparing for the oral presentations.
Attached to the summaries should be a set of
specific questions pertaining to each outside
article or chapter read in the course of the
research. Generating questions is another
useful learning device; it converts "assignments
to be gotten through" into learning experiences
with specific objectives. Each summary will be
the responsibility of an individual group
member, who will receive an individual grade for
that written work.
(3) WRITTEN MID-TERM AND FINAL EXAMS consisting
of essay questions, and requiring closed books
and notes.
GRADING:Oral presentations, the written summaries and
the two exams will be weighted more or less
equally in determining your course grade.
However, I specifically reserve the right to
double weight the final exam when a student has
shown marked improvement during the course or is
in a borderline situation. Likewise, I reserve
to right to consider attendance in any
borderline grading judgment. Lastly, minimum
standards in each and every requirement must
achieved in order to earn a passing grade in the
course.
ATTENDANCE:Ideally, you will attend and arrive prepared for
every class session. In particular, to secure
credit, attendance is necessary during sessions
when your group is making a presentation. More
generally, missing more than 10 percent of the
class meetings may prove detrimental to your
grade if you end up in a borderline situation.
WEATHER POLICY:Inclement weather is a fact of life in Boone.
This course will meet, regardless of weather
conditions, unless the University OFFICIALLY
cancels classes.
ACADEMIC HONESTY:Honest behavior and independent work are
expected from all students. You may work
together, of course, on group presentations;
and you are encouraged to study together for
exams. However, during exams no information may
be shared. Any questions about the propriety of
particular behavior should be addressed, in
advance, to me.
LOCATION OF READINGS: (RBL) = on reserve at Belk Library
(BP) = in bound periodicals at Belk
(Pr) = check-out from Professor
* = denotes photocopy(ies) only
*Blicksilver, ed., Views on U.S. Economic and Business History,
Atlanta, GA: Georgia State Univ., 1985.
Bogart & Thompson, Readings in the Economic History of the United
States, New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1925. (Pr)
Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction, New York:
Columbia Univ. Press, 1977. (Pr)
Carto, ed., Profiles in Populism, Old Greenwich, CT: Flag Press,
1982. (Pr)
*Coats & Robertson, eds., Essays in American Economic History, New
York: Barnes & Noble, 1969.
*Coben & Hill, American Economic History: Essays in Interpretation,
New York: J.B. Lippincott, 1965.
Eltis, Economic Growth and the Ending of the Transatlantic Slave
Trade, New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
Engerman and Gallman, Long-term Factors in American Economic
Growth, Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1986. (RBL) HC106.3 C704
VOL. 51
Feldstein, ed. The American Economy in Transition, Chicago: Univ.
of Chicago Press, 1980. (RBL) HC106.5 .A5948
Fogel and Engerman, eds., The Reinterpretation of American Economic
History, New York: Harper and Row, 1971. (RBL) & (PR)
_____________, Time on the Cross: The Economics of American Negro
Slavery, New York: W.W. Norton, 1974, 1989. (RBL) E449. F65
Friedman & Schwartz, A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-
1960, Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1963. (RBL) HG538. F86
Friedman & Scwhartz, The Great Contraction: 1929-33, Princeton, NJ:
Princeton Univ Press, 1965. (Pr)
Galbraith, The Great Crash: 1929, Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1961.
(RBL & Pr)
Genovese, The Political Economy of Slavery, Toronto: Knopf, Random
House, Vintage, 1967. (RBL) E441. G42 1989
Gilbert, American History Atlas, rev. ed., Weidenfold & Nicolson,
London: 1985. (RBL)
Hawk, Economic History of the South, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press,
1934 (1977 reprinting). (RBL) 330.975 H31e
Hawke, ed., Captain John Smith's History of Virginia, Indianapolis,
IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1970. (Pr)
Hofstadter, ed., Great Issues in American History, Vols I & II, New
York: Random House/Vintage Books, 1958.
Hutchison, Knowledge and Ignorance in Economics, Chicago: Univ. of
Chicago Press, 1977. (RBL) HB .H799 1977
Kindleberger, Manias, Panics and Crashes: History of Financial
Crises, rev. ed., New York: Basic Books, 1989. (RBL) HB3716 .K55
Kindleberger, The World in Depression: 1929-1939, Los Angeles:
Univ. of California Press, 1973. (RBL) HB3717 1929 .K55 1973b
Miller, ed., The Nature of Jacksonian America, New York: Wiley,
1972. (PR)
Mitchell, Postscripts to Economic History, Totowa, NJ: Littlefield,
Adams & Co., 1967. (Pr)
Nash, ed., Issues in American Economic History, Boston: Heath &
Co., 1964. (RBL) HC103.N26
North, The Economic Growth of the United States: 1790 to 1860, New
York: W.W. Norton, 1966. (RBL) HC105.N6
North, Structure and Change in Economic History, New York: Norton,
1981. (RBL) HC21.N66 1981
Nugent, The Money Question During Reconstruction, New York: W.W.
Norton & Co., 1967. (PR)
O'Brien, The Economic Effects of the American Civil War, Atlantic
Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press International, 1988. (RBL) HC105.6
.027 1988.
*Parker, W., ed., Economic History and the Modern Economist, New
York, 1986. (Pr*)
Parkins, The South: Its Economic-Geographic Development, Westport,
CT: Greenwood Press, 1938/1970.
Perkins, The Economy of Colonial America, 2nd ed., New York:
Columbia University Press, 1988. At the end of each chapter is a
thorough and up-to-date bibliography. (RBL) HC104.P47
Quint and Cantor, eds., Men, Women & Issues in American History:
Vol. I, Homewood, IL: The Dorsey Press, 1975. (PR)
Ratner, Soltow and Sylla, The Evolution of the American Economy,
New York: Basic Books, 1979. (RBL) HC103. R34 or (Pr)
Robertson & Pate, Readings in United States Economic and Business
History, Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1966. (PR)
Steffgen, The Bondage of the Free, Berkeley, CA: Vang7uard Books,
1966. (Pr) (RBL)
Stout and Faulk, A Short History of the American West, New York:
Harper and Row, 1974. (Pr)
White, Money and Banking: Illustrated by American History, New
York: Greenwood Press, 1895/1968. (Pr)
Williamson, ed., The Growth of the American Economy, 2nd ed.,
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1951. (RBL) 330.973 W67g.
CONCISE COURSE OUTLINE
(numbers in parentheses indicate planned number of class sessions)
Introduction, Course Administration and Establishing Groups (2)
Why study Economic History? (1)
The Colonial Period
Europe and the Founding of the Colonies ( )
Colonial Economic Conditions and Activities ( )
Economic Relations between England and the Colonies ( )
Growth, Progress and Structural Change ( )
Economic causes and consequences of the Revolution ( )
The post-Independence/Ante-Bellum Period
Problems of Economic Independence ( )
Expansion of Agriculture ( )
Developing a Transportation System ( )
Early Industrialization ( )
Labor and Human Capital Formation ( )
Banking, Commerce & Finance ( )
Regional Conflict & Slavery ( )
The Civil War ( )
Reunification & Post-Bellum Expansion
Westwern Expansion of Agriculture ( )
Coast to Coast Railroads ( )
New Industries ( )
Labor & Labor Organizations ( )
Financial Institutions, Money & Business Cycles ( )
Trade, Protectionism & Imperialism ( )
World War, Depression & World War Again
World War I ( )
The 1920s: Prosperity before Collapse ( )
The 1930s' Depression ( )
The New Deal ( )
World War II ( )
DETAILED COURSE OUTLINE AND READING LIST
(Background Readings are required; other readings are
recommended)
I. Economic History: a preview
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 1.
Cole, "Business History and Economic History," (pp.3-5) in
Robertson & Pate, eds., 1966.
Hutchison, chs 1 & 2, pp. 1-33, Knowledge ..., 1977.
The Colonial Economy
II. European Background and Influence: founding the colonies
A. Did Puritanism foster Economic Expansion?
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 2.
READING/PRESENTATION: Griswold, "Three Puritans on Prosperity,"
pp. 2-7 in Nash, ed., 1964.
Johnson, "Economic Ideas of John Winthrop," pp. 8-11 in
Nash, ed., 1964.
Savelle, "English Civilization Transplanted in the New
World," pp. 1-23 in Quint & Candor, eds., American History,
1975.
Bogart & Thompson, ch:I "Exploration and Colonization, 1583-
1774," pp. 1-27.
Craven, "The Early Settlements: A European Investment of
Capital and Labor," pp. 19-43 in Williamson, ed., 1951.
SPECIAL RECOMMENDED READINGS: Hawke, ed. History of Virginia,
1970.
Stout and Faulk, "The Colonial West," pp. 3-72 in American
West, 1967.
Hawk, "The South," (pp. 1-24), "The Southern Colonies," (pp.
25-60) in Hawk, South, 1934.
Ratner, Soltow and Sylla, ch. 1: pp.11-35, "America and the
Developing World Economy."
III. The Colonial Economy
A. Early Conditions of Economic Life
B. Economic Activities
C. The Socio-economic origins of the Colonial Labor Force
D. How Profitable was Colonial Agriculture?
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 3.
Lee and Passell, ch 1.
READING/PRESENTATION: Rothenberg, "The Market and Massachusetts
Farmers: 1750-1855," pp. 183-214Journal of Economic History, June
1981.
Morris, "The Organization of Production During the Colonial
Period," pp. 60-82 in Williamson, ed., 1951.
Smith, "Demographic History of Colonial New England,"
Journal of Economic History, 32: 165-83, 1972.
Henretta, "Economic Development and Social Structure in
Colonial Boston," (pp. 54-63) in Fogel and Engerman, eds., 1971.
Vickers, "The First Whalemen of Nantucket, William and Mary
Quarterly, 40: 560-83, 1983.
Galenson, "The Rise and Fall of Indentured Servitude in the
Americas: An Economic Analysis," Journal of Economic History, 44:
1-26, 1984.
Galenson, "White Servitude and the Growth of Black Slavery
in Colonial America," Journal of Economic History, 41: , March
1981.
Perkins, "Occupational Groups" (pp. 47-56); ch. 3 "Farmers
and Planters" (pp. 57-90); ch. 4 "Indentured Servants and Slaves"
(pp. 91-114); ch. 5 "Artisans and Merchants" (pp. 115-40); ch. 6
"Women in the Colonial Economy" (pp. 141-60).
Morgan, "The First American Boom: Virginia 1618 to 1630,"
William and Mary Quarterly, 28, 1971.
Sacks, "Agricultural Conditions in the Northern Colonies
Before the Revolution," Journal of Economic History, 13: , Summer
1953.
Gray, "The Market Surplus Problems of Colonial Tobacco," pp.
13-21 in Nash, ed., 1964.
Wertenbaker, "Patrician and Plebian in Virginia ..." pp. 31-
33 in Nash, ed., 1964.
Smith, "The Transportation of Convicts to the American
Colonies in the Seventeenth Century," in Nash, ed., 1964.
Potter, "The Colonial Period," (pp. 112-21) in Robertson &
Pate, eds., 1966.
Andrews, "Colonial Commerce," (pp. 122-139) in Robertson &
Pate, eds., 1966.
Edelman, "Thomas Hancock, Colonial Merchant," (pp. 149-58)
in Robertson & Pate, eds., 1966.
Bogart & Thompson, ch:II "Agriculture and Industry, 1607-
1763," pp. 28-68, and ch:III "Labor, Exchange and Population,
1607-1763," pp. 82-114.
Chamberlain, "The Contributions of the American Indian to
Civilization," pp. 75-84 in Blicksilver, ed., 1985.
SPECIAL RECOMMENDED READINGS: Hawk, "Agriculture in the Colonial
South," (pp. 61-103), "Industry in the Colonial South," (pp. 104-
127), "Population in the Colonial South," (pp. 128-40) and
"Finance in the Colonial South," (pp. 142-163) in Hawk, South,
1934.
Ratner, Soltow and Sylla, ch. 2: pp. 36-59, "Regional
Patterns of Colonial Development."
IV. Economic Relations
A. England and the Colonies
B. Money, Trade & Credit
C. Did the Monetary Policies of Colonial Governments
stimulate Economic Expansion?
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 4.
READING/PRESENTATION: *Evans, "Planter Indebtness and the Coming
of the Revolution in Virginia, 1776 to 1796," William and Mary
Quarterly, 19: 511-33 (Second series) 1962.
Weiss, "The Issue of Paper Money in the American Colonies,
1720-1774," Journal of Economic History, 30:77-85, 1970.
Perkins, ch. 2 "Foreign Trade" (pp. 19-46).
Martin, "The King's Customs: Philadelphia, 1763-1774," pp.
41-51 in Nash, ed., 1964.
Sellers, "Private Profits and British Colonial Policy ...,"
in Nash, ed., 1964.
Bullock, "Colonial Paper Money," pp. 66-68 in Nash, ed.,
1964.
Ferguson, "Currency Finance: an Interpretation of Colonial
Monetary Practices," pp. 69-86 in Nash, ed., 1964.
Nettels, "The Economic Relations of Boston, Philadelphia and
New York, 1680-1715," (pp. 140-48) in Robertson & Pate, eds.,
1966.
Bogart & Thompson, ch:II "Trade," pp. 69-80.
White, pp. 117-33 & 248-57.
Diamond, "From Organization to Society: Virginia in the
Seventeenth Century," (on the failure of the joint stock company
approach to colonization) pp. 85-104 in Blicksilver, ed., 1985.
Johnson, "The Baltimore Company Seeks English Markets: A
Study of the Anglo-American Iron Trade, 1731-1755," pp. 72-91 in
Coben & Hill, eds., 1965.
Albion, "Colonial Commerce and Commercial Regulation," pp.
44-59 in Williamson, ed., 1951.
V. Growth, Progress and Structural Change
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 5.
READING/PRESENTATION: Egnal, "The Economic Development of the 13
Colonies: 1720 to 1775," William and Mary Quarterly, 32: 191-
222. (April 1975).
Anderson, "Economic Growth in Colonial New England:
Statistical Renaissance," Journal of Economic History, 39: 243-
57, 1979.
Ball and Walton, "Agricultural Productivity Change in 18th
Century Pennsylvania," Journal of Economic History, 36: 102-17,
1976.
Main, "Standards of Living and the Life Cycle in Colonial
Connecticut," Journal of Economic History, 43: 159-65, 1983.
Walsh, "Urban Amenities and Rural Sufficiency: Living
Standards and Consumer Behavior in the Colonial Chesapeake, 1643-
1777," Journal of Economic History, 43:109-17, 1983.
Perkins, ch. 1 "Population and Economic Growth" (pp. 1-18)
and ch. 9 "Living Standards and Income Growth" (pp. 212-238).
Kulikoff, "The Economic Growth of the 18th-Century
Chesapeake Colonies," Journal of Economic History, 39:275-88,
1979.
Ratner, Soltow and Sylla, ch. 3: pp. 60-81, "Growth and
Welfare in the Colonies."
Somers and Williamson, "The Performance of the American
Economy to 1789," pp. 83-89 in Williamson, ed., 1951.
VI. Independence: crises, causes and consequences
A. First Colonial Policy
B. Revised Colonial Policy and Crisis 1
C. Continued Revisions and Crisis 2
D. Crisis 3 and Revolution
E. Was the Revolution a Struggle against Economic Tyranny?
Did English Mercantilism Impede American Economic
Growth and Development?
F. Did prior Economic Expansion and Progress Contribute to
the Revolution?
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 6.
Lee and Passell, ch 2.
READING/PRESENTATION: Egnal and Ernst "An Economic
Interpretation of the American Revolution," William and Mary
Quarterly, 29: 3-32, (Jan. 1972).
Commager, "Philosophers of the New Republic," pp. 84-110
in Quint & Cantor, American History, 1975.
McClelland, "The Cost to America of British Imperial
Policy," American Economic Review, 59(7): 370-81, May 1969.
Nettels, "British Mercantilism and the Economic Development
of the Thirteen Colonies," Journal of Economic History, 12: 105-
14, 1952.
Ransom, "British Policy and Colonial Growth: Some
Implications of the Burdens of the Navigation Acts," Journal of
Economic History, 27: 427-35, 1968.
Thomas, "British Imperial Policy and the Economic Interpre-
tation of the American Revolution," Journal of Economic History,
28: 436-40, 1968.
Perkins, ch. 7 "Money and Politics" (pp. 161-186) and ch. 8
"Taxes and Politics" (pp. 187-211).
Hacker, "The First American Revolution," pp. 87-97 in Nash,
ed., 1964.
Harper, "Mercantilism and the American Revolution," pp. 98-
107 in Nash, ed., 1964.
"The Nagivation Act of 1651," & "The Tea Act of July 1767,"
(pp.172-77) in Robertson & Pate, eds., 1966.
Bogart & Thompson, ch:IV "England Colonial Theory and
Policy, 1651-1763," pp. 115-142 and ch:V "Economic Causes and
Conduct of the Revolution, 1764-1783," pp. 143-84.
Jenyns,Dulany & Pitt, on "The Stamp Act," in Hofstadter,
ed., 1958, Vol I: pp. 7-20.
Adam Smith, "The Cost of Empire," in Hofstadter, ed., 1958,
Vol I: pp. 43-45.
"The Declaration of Independence," in Hofstadter, ed., 1958,
Vol I: pp. 70-74.
White, pp. 134-47.
SPECIAL RECOMMENDED READINGS: Hawk, "The Revolutionary War," (pp.
164-199) in Hawk, South, 1934.
Ratner, Soltow and Sylla, ch. 4: pp.82-102, "Foundations of
Economic Independence."
The Post Revolution/Ante-Bellum Economy
VII. Post-Independence Economy
A. Economic Implications of Independence
B. Early Business Cycles & Banking
C. The Constitution: Rejection or Reaffirmation of the
Declaration of Independence? Was the Constitution
mainly framed to protect Moneyed Interests?
D. Was the post-Revolutionary Decade critical for the
American Economy?
E. What are the Basic Elements of Jeffersonian Economic
Doctrine?
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 7.
Lee and Passell, ch 3.
READING/PRESENTATION: North, chs. 2 - 5.
Margo and Stechel, "Heights of Native-Born Whites During the
Ante-Bellum Period," Jrl of Economic History, pp. 147-154(?),
March 1983.
Bjork, "The Weaning of the American Economy: Independence,
Market Changes and Economic Development," Journal of Economic
History, 24: 541-60, 1964.
Goldin and Lewis, "Role of Exports in American Economic
Growth during the Napoleonic Wars, 1973-1807," Explorations in
Economic History, 17: 6-25, 1980.
Shepard and Walton, "Economic Change after the American
Revolution: Pre-war and Post-War Comparisons of Maritime Shipping
and Trade," Explorations in Economic History, 13: 397-422, 1976.
Fiske, "The Critical Period," pp. 108-114 in Nash, ed.,
1964.
Beard, "An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution," pp.
125-142 in Nash, ed., 1964.
McDonald, "Charles A Beard's Pioneer Interpretation of the
Making of the Constitution," pp. 143-152 in Nash, ed., 1964.
Brown, "Charles Beard and the Constitution," (pp.167-171) in
Robertson & Pate, eds., 1966.
Dorfman, "The Economic Philosophy of Thomas Jefferson," pp.
153-156 in Nash, ed., 1964.
The Spotlight, "Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826): First
Populist," pp. 2-15 in Carto, ed., Profiles ..., 1982.
"Articles of Confederation," (pp.179-81) in Robertson &
Pate, eds., 1966.
Mitchell, "The New American Nation," ch 5 in Mitchell,
Postscripts ..., 1967.
Kent, "No longer to Remain Plain and Simple Republics of
Farmers," pp. 33-9 in Miller, ed, Jacksonian America, 1972.
Bogart & Thompson,ch:VI "American Commerce and Commercial
Policy, 1783-1812," pp. 185-218, and ch:VIII "Introduction of
Manufactures and the Condition of the People, 1775-1816," pp.
252-75.
Ratner, Soltow and Sylla, ch. 10: pp. 233-52, "Economic
Growth and Social Welfare in the Early Republic."
"The Constitution of the United States," in Hofstadter, ed.,
1958, Vol I: pp. 88-110.
Hamilton, "Report on the Public Credit," in Hofstadter, ed.,
1958, Vol I: pp. 145-50.
"Virginia Resolutions on the Assumption of State Debts," in
Hofstadter, ed., 1958, Vol I: pp. 151-52.
Jefferson and Hamilton, "Opinion[s] on the Constitutionality
of the Bank," in Hofstadter, ed., 1958, Vol I: pp. 160-68.
White, pp. 258-70.
Commager, "The Constitution: Was It an Economic Document?"
pp. 139-150 in Blicksilver, ed., 1985.
Broude, "The Role of the State in American Economic
Development, 1820-1890," pp. 213-228 in Blicksilver, ed., 1985.
Lively, "The American System," pp. 178-196 in Coben & Hill,
eds., 1965.
Williamson, "International Trade and United States Economic
Development: 1827-1843," in Coben & Hill, eds., 1965.
Gerrish, "Public Finance and Fiscal Policy, 1789-1865," pp.
296-310 in Williamson, ed., 1951.
Somers, "The Performance of the American Economy, 1789-
1865," pp. 311-335, in Williamson, ed., 1951.
VIII. Development and Expansion of Agriculture
A. Land Acquisition and Disposal
B. Westward Migration: Manifest Destiny or Economic
Imperialism?
C. Entrenchment of Slavery
D. Was 19th century Land Speculation Profitable?
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 8.
Lee and Passell, chs 7 - 9.
READING/PRESENTATION: Esterlin, "Population Change and Farm
Settlement in the Northern United States," pp. 45-75, Jrl. of
Economic History, March 1976.
Olmstead, "The Mechanization of Reaping and Mowing in
American Agriculture: 1833-1870," Jrl of Economic History, pp.
327-52, June 1975.
David, "The Mechanization of Reaping in the Ante-Bellum
Midwest," (pp. 214-227) in Fogel and Engerman, eds., 1971.
Yasuba, "The Profitability and Viability of Plantation
Slavery in the United States," (pp. 362-69) in Fogel and
Engerman, eds., 1971.
Bogue and Bogue, "Profits and the Frontier Land
Speculation," Journal of Economic History, 37: , March 1957.
Primack, "Land Clearing Under 19th Century Techniques,"
Journal of Economic History, 22: , December 1962.
Steckel, "The Economic Foundations of East-West Migration
During the 19th Century," Explorations in Economic History, 20:
14-36, 1983.
Olmstead, "The Mechanization of Reaping and Mowing in
American Agriculture: 1833-1870," Journal of Economic History,
35: , June 1975.
Gates, "The Role of the Land Speculator in Western
Development," pp. 181-195 in Nash, ed., 1964.
Stout and Faulk, "American Penetration of the West," pp. 75-
148 in American West, 1967 and "Consolidating American Control,"
pp. 151-96 in in American West, 1967.
Bogart & Thompson, ch:VII "Agriculture, Slavery and Public
Lands," pp. 219-39, ch:XI "The Westward Movement, 1817-1860," pp.
338-75, and ch:XIV "Public Lands and Agriculture, 1820-1860," pp.
446-84.
Jefferson, "The Importance of Agriculture," in Hofstadter,
ed., 1958, Vol I: pp. 169-70.
Overmeyer, "Westward Expansion Before the Homestead Act,"
pp. 91-115 in Williamson, ed., 1951.
Danhof, "Agriculture," pp. 133-53 in Williamson, ed., 1951.
SPECIAL RECOMMENDED READINGS: Hawk, "Land and Population of the
Ante-Bellum South: 1783-1860," (pp. 200-28) & "Agriculture in the
Ante-Bellum South, 1783-1860," (pp. 229-77) in Hawk, South, 1934.
Ratner, Soltow and Sylla, ch. 6: pp. 131-55, "Land Policy
and Agricultural Expansion."
IX. Developing a Transportation System
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 9.
Lee and Passell, ch 4.
READING/PRESENTATION: *Cootner, "The Role of the Railroads in
United States Economic Growth,"Journal of Economic History, 23: ,
1963.
Gallman, "Self-Sufficiency in the Cotton Economy of the
Ante-Bellum South," Agricultural History, 44:5-23.
Lindstrom, "Demand, Markets and Eastern Economic
Development: Philadelphia 1815-1840," Journal of Economic
History, 25:271-73, 1975.
Ransom, "Canals and Development: Discussion of the Issues,"
American Economic Review, 54: 365-76, 1964.
Ransom, "A Closer Look at Canals and Western Manufacturing
in the Canal Era," Explorations in Economic History, 8: 501-10,
1971.
Haites and Mak, "Ohio and Mississippi River Transportation
1800-1860," Explorations in Economic History, 12: , Winter 1970-
71.
Mak and Walton, "Steamboats and the Great Productivity Surge
in River Transportation," Journal of Economic History, 32: ,
Sept. 1972.
Niemi, "A Further Look at Interrregional Canals and Economic
Specialization: 1820-1840," Explorations in Economic History, 7:
, Summer 1970.
Chevalier, "Railroads in America," pp. 17-20 in Miller,
Jacksonian America, 1972.
Bogart & Thompson, ch:VII "Internal Trade and
Transportation, 1783-1808," pp. 240-51 and ch:XII "Inland
Commerce and Internal Improvements, 1816-1860," pp. 376-412.
Healy, "American Transportation Before the Civil War," pp.
116-33, in Williamson, ed., 1951.
SPECIAL RECOMMENDED READINGS: Hawk, "Transportation in the Ante-
Bellum South, 1783-1860," (pp. 316-48) in Hawk, South, 1934.
Ratner, Soltow and Sylla, ch. 5: pp. 105-30, "The Revolution
in Transportation and Communication."
X. Emergence of an Industrial Economy
A. Development of Factory Production
B. Manufacturing by 1860
C. Corporate Organization
D. Did Tariffs promote American Industrial Development?
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 10.
Lee and Passell, ch 5.
READING/PRESENTATION: David, "The Growth in the Real Product in
the United States Before 1840: New Evidence, Controlled
Conjectures," Journal of Economic History, pp. 151-97, June 1967.
Zevin, "Growth of Cotton Textile Production After 1815,"
(pp. 122-147) in Fogel and Engerman, eds., 1971.
North, "Capital Formation in the United States During the
Early Period of Industrialization: Reexamination of the Issues,"
(pp. 274-84) in Fogel and Engerman, eds., 1971.
Atack, "Returns to Scale in Ante-Bellum United States
Manufacturing," Explorations in Economic History, 14: 337-59,
1977.
Brito and Williamson, "Skilled Labor and Nineteenth Century
Anglo-American Managerial Behavior," Explorations in Economic
History, 10: 235-52, 1973.
Livesay and Porter, "The Financial Role of Merchants in the
Development of U.S. Manufacturing, 1815-1860," Explorations in
Economic History, 9: 63-88, 1971.
Uselding, "Factor Substitution and Labor Productivity Growth
in American Manufacturing, 1839-1899," Journal of Economic
History, 32: 670-81, 1972.
Harriman, "The Benefits of Protection," pp. 166-171 in Nash,
ed., 1964.
Taussig, "Protection of Young Industries," pp. 172-180 in
Nash, ed., 1964.
Woodbury, "The Legend of Eli Whitney and Interchangeable
Parts," (pp. 208-20) in Robertson & Pate, eds., 1966.
Beaton, "The Start of American Oil Refining," (pp.220-33) in
Robertson & Pate, eds., 1966.
North, "International Capital Flows and the Development of
the American West," (pp.233-40) in Robertson & Pate, eds., 1966.
Marx, "The Machine in the Garden," pp. 40-48 in Miller, ed,
Jacksonian America, 1972.
Eds. of The American Review, "Influence of the Trading
Spirit Upon the Social and Moral Life of America," pp. 70-76 in
Miller, ed, Jacksonian America, 1972.
de Tocqueville, "Causes of the Restless Spirit of the
Americans in the Midst of Their Prosperity," pp. 82-85 in Miller,
ed, Jacksonian America, 1972.
Bogart & Thompson, ch:VIII "Manufactures, 1775-1816" pp.
252-68, ch. IX "The Development of Manufactures, 1800-1860," pp.
276-308, and ch. X "The Tariff, 1808-1860," pp. 309-337.
Hamilton, "Report on the Subject of Manufactures," in
Hofstadter, ed., 1958, Vol I: pp. 171-75.
Woodbury, "The Legend of Eli Whitney and Interchangeable
Parts," pp. 49-61 in Coats & Robertson, eds., 1969.
Williamson, "International Trade and United States Economic
Development: 1827-1843," pp. 245-55 in Coben & Hill, eds., 1965.
Macesich, "International Trade and United States Economic
Development Revisited," pp. 256-57 in Coben & Hill, eds., 1965.
Kuhlmann, "Processing Agricultural Products in the Pre-
Railway Age," pp. 154-71 in Williamson, ed., 1951.
Hunter, "The Heavy Industries before 1860," pp. 172-189 in
Williamson, ed., 1951.
Green, "Light Manufactures and the Beginnings of Precision
Manufacture," pp. 190-210 in Williamson, ed., 1951.
SPECIAL RECOMMENDED READINGS: Hawk, "Industry in the Ante-Bellum
South, 1783-1860," (pp. 278-315) in Hawk, South, 1934.
Ratner, Soltow and Sylla, ch. 8: pp. 182-207, "Beginnings of
the Industrial Revolution in America."
XI. Distribution, Labor and Government
A. Emergence of a Laboring Class
B. What is the "Safety-Valve" Hypothesis? Was the West a
Safety-Valve for Labor?
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 11.
READING/PRESENTATION: Wright, "Cheap Labor and Southern Textiles
before 1880," Journal of Economic History, 39, Sept. 1979.
Landes and Solmon, "Compulsory Schooling Legislation: An
Economic Analysis of Law and Social Change in the Nineteenth
Century," Jrl of Economic History, pp. 54-91, March 1972.
Schultz, "Capital Formation by Education," (pp. 257-64) in
Fogel and Engerman, eds., 1971.
Fishlow, "Level of Nineteenth Century American Investment in
Education," in Fogel and Engerman, eds., 1971.
Adams, "Wage Rates in the Early National Period:
Philadelphia, 1785-1830," Journal of Economic History, 28: 404-
26, 1968.
Dunlevy and Gemery, "Economic Opportunity and the Responses
of Old and New Migrants to the United States," Journal of
Economic History, 38: 901-17, 1978.
Soltow, "Economic Inequality in the United States in the
Period from 1970 to 1860," Journal of Economic History, 31: 822-
39, 1971.
Zabler, "Further Evidence on American Wage Differentials,
1800-1830," Explorations in Economic History, 10: 109-18, Fall
1972.
Schafer, "Was the West a Safety Valve for Labor?" pp. 223-31
in Nash, ed., 1964.
Shannon, "A Post Mortem on the Labor-Safety-Valve Theory,"
pp. 232- 242 in Nash, ed., 1964.
Bogart & Thompson, ch:XVI "Population & Labor, 1820-1860,"
pp. 524-58.
Martineau, "Society in America," (the industrial labor force
in the 1830s) pp. 187- 90 in Blicksilver, ed., 1985.
XII. Banking, Finance and Commerce
A. Jacksonian Democracy: Liberal Tradition or Conservative
Reaction?
B. The "War" over the Second Bank of the United States
C. Were Andrew Jackson's Policies on Banking Desirable?
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 12.
Lee and Passell, ch 6.
READING/PRESENTATION: Rockoff, "Money, Prices and Banks in the
Jacksonian Era," (pp. 448-458) in Fogel and Engerman, eds., 1971.
Bordo and Schwartz, "Money and Prices in the Nineteenth
Century: An Old Debate Rejoined," Journal of Economic History,
40: 61-67, 1980.
Fenstermaker, "The Statistics of American Commercial
Banking, 1782-1818," Journal of Economic History, 25:400-13,
1965.
Martin, "1853: The End of Bimetallism in the United States,"
Journal of Economic History, 33: 825-44, 1973.
Temin, "The Anglo-American Business Cycle, 1820-1860,"
Economic History Review, 27: , 1974.
Timberlake, "The Specie Standard and Central Banking in the
United States Before 1860," Journal of Economic History, 21: ,
Sept. 1961.
Schlesinger, "The Bank War," pp. 206-216 in Nash, ed., 1964.
Hammond, "Public Policy and National Banks," pp. 217-222 in
Nash, ed., 1964.
The Spotlight, "Andrew Jackson (1767-1845), 'Old Hickory':
Bane of the Bankers," in Carto, ed., Profiles ..., 1982.
Bogart & Thompson, ch:XV "Currency, Banking and State
Debts," pp. 485-523.
Jackson, "Bank Veto Message," in Hofstadter, ed., 1958, Vol
I: pp. 291-95.
Webster, "Speech on Jackson's Veto ..." in Hofstadter, ed.,
1958, Vol I: pp. 296-300.
White, pp. 271-98.
Hammond, "Jackson, Biddle, and the Bank of the United
States," pp. 224-44 in Coben & Hill, eds., 1965.
Williamson, "Money and Commercial Banking," pp. 227-55 in
Williamson, ed., 1951.
Hidy, "The Capital Markets," pp. 256-78 in Williamson, ed.,
1951.
SPECIAL RECOMMENDED READINGS: Hawk, "Finance in the Ante-Bellum
South, 1783-1860," (pp.349-81) in Hawk, South, 1934.
Miller, Jacksonian America,
Ratner, Soltow and Sylla, ch. 7: pp. 156-81, "Critical
Changes in the Financial System."
XIII. Slavery and Regional Conflict
A. Was Slavery Profitable?
B. Did Northern Business Interests seek War?
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 13.
READING/PRESENTATION: Fogel and Engerman, "Explaining the
Relative Efficiency of Slave Agriculture in the Antebellum
South," American Economic Review, 67(3): 275-94, June 1977.
Fogel and Engerman, "The Economics of Slavery," (pp. 311-42)
in Fogel and Engerman, eds., 1971.
Fogel and Engerman, "The Relative Efficiency of Slavery:
Comparison of Northern and Southern Agriculture in 1860, "
Explorations in Economic History, 8: 353-67, Spring 1971.
Conrad and Meyer, "The Economics of Slavery in the Ante-
Bellum South," (pp. 342-61) in Fogel and Engerman, eds., 1971.
Fenoaltea, "The Slavery Debate: Note from the Sidelines,"
Explorations in Economic History, 18: 304-8, July 1981.
Fleisig, "Slavery, the Supply of Agricultural Labor, and the
Industrialization of the South," Journal of Economic History, 36:
572-97, 1976.
Gunderson, "The Origins of the American Civil War," Journal
of Economic History, 34: 915-950, 1974.
Metzer, "Rational Management, Modern Business Practice, and
Economies of Scale in the Antebellum Plantations," Explorations
in Economic History, 12: 123-50, April 1975.
Sutch, "The Treatment Received by American Slaves: Critical
Review of the Evidence Presented in Time on the Cross,"
Explorations in Economic History, 12: 335-38, October 1975.
Wright, "Slavery and the Cotton Boom," Explorations in
Economic History, 12(4): 439-52, Oct. 1975.
Phillips, "The Economic Cost of Slaveholding in the Cotton
Belt," pp. 243-255 in Nash, ed., 1964.
Beard and Beard, "The Tariff as a Cause of Sectional Strife
and the Civil War," pp. 273-79 in Nash, ed., 1964.
Hofstadter, "The Tariff Issue on the Eve of the Civil War,"
pp. 280-285 in Nash, ed., 1964.
Clay, "Speech on the Tariff," in Hofstadter, ed., 1958,
Vol I: pp. 271-74.
"The South Carolina Protest against the Tariff of 1828," in
Hofstadter, ed., 1958, Vol I: pp. 275-77.
Mitchell, "American Negro Slavery," ch 6 in Mitchell,
Postscripts ..., 1967.
Wyatt-Brown, "The Abolitionist Controversy: Men of Blood,
Men of God," pp. 215-33 in Quint & Cantor, American History,
1975.
Wiltse, "The Peculiar Institution: Defended, Accomodated and
Attacked," pp. 234-54 in Quint & Cantor, American History, 1975.
Bogart & Thompson, ch:XVII "Slavery and the South, 1823-
1860," pp. 559-97.
SPECIAL RECOMMENDED READINGS: Genovese, The Political Economy of
Slavery.
Fogel and Engerman, Time on the Cross: The Economics of
American Negro Slavery.
Eltis, Transatlantic Slave Trade, 1987.
XIV. The Civil War (and Reconstruction)
A. To what extent an Economic Conflict?
B. Recontruction: Exploitation of the South or Genuine
Reform?
C. Did the Civil War Promote Industrial Expansion?
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 14.
Lee and Passell, chs 10 & 11.
O'Brien, American Civil War, 1988.
READING/PRESENTATION: Engerman, "The Economic Impact of the Civil
War," (pp. 369-79) in Fogel and Engerman, eds., 1971.
Goldin and Lewis, "The Economic Cost of the American Civil
War," Journal of Economic History, 35: 299-326, 1975.
Higgs, "Race, Tenure and Resource Allocation in Southern
Agriculture," Journal of Economic History, 33: 149-69, 1973.
Sutch & Ransom, "The Ex Slave in the Post-Bellum South,"
Journal of Economic History, 33: 131-48, 1973.
Temin, "The Post-Bellum Recovery of the South and the Cost
of the Civil War," Journal of Economic History, 36: 898-907,
1976.
Cochran, "Did the Civil War Retard Industrialization?" pp.
286-94 in Nash, ed., 1964.
Salsbury, "The Effect of the Civil War on American
Industrial Development," pp. 295-301 in Nash, ed., 1964.
Hesseltine, "Economic Factors in the Abandonment of
Reconstruction," pp. 302-306 in Nash, ed., 1964.
Coben, "Northeastern Business and Radical Reconstruction: a
Re-examination," pp. 307-321 in Nash, ed.
Mitchell, "Economic Aspects of the American Civil War," ch 7
in Mitchell, Postscripts ..., 1967.
White, pp. 148-97.
Hawk, "Causes of the Civil War," (pp. 382-96), "The Civil
War," (pp. 397-424) & "The Aftermath," (pp.425-48) in Hawk,
South, 1934.
SPECIAL RECOMMENDED READING: Steffgen, Bondage ..., 1966.
Brauer, ... Second Reconstruction, 1977.
The Post-Bellum/Reunification Economic Expansion
XV. Structural Change in and Western Expansion of Agriculture
A. End of the Frontier
B. Instability in Agriculture
C. Early Conservation Efforts
D. What were the Causes of Unrest among the Agricultural
Population?
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 15.
Lee and Passell, ch 12.
READING/PRESENTATION: Turner, The Significance of the Frontier
in American History
Bowman and Keehn, "Agricultural Terms of Trade in Four
Midwestern States: 1870 to 1900," Jrl of Economic History, pp.
592-609, Sept 1974.
Mayhew, "A Reappraisal of the Causes of Farm Protest in the
United States: 1870 to 1900," Jrl of Economic History, pp. 464-
75, June 1972.
Parker, "Productivity Growth in American Grain Farming:
Analysis of its 19th Century Sources," (pp. 175-86) in Fogel and
Engerman, eds., 1971.
Bogue, "Financing the Praire Farmer," (pp. 301-07) in Fogel
and Engerman, eds., 1971.
Griliches, "Hybrid Corn and the Economics of Innovation,"
(pp. 207-13) in Fogel and Engerman, eds., 1971.
Bateman, "Improvements in American Diary Farming, 1850-
1910," Journal of Economic History, 23: 255-73, 1968.
Gallman, "Changes in Total U.S. Agricultural Factor
Productivity in the Nineteenth Century," Agricultural History, :
, Jan. 1972.
Libecap, "Bureaucratic Opposition to the Assignment of
Property Rights: Overgrazing on the Western Range," Journal of
Economic History, 41: 151-58, 1981.
Rasmussen, "The Impact of Technological Change on American
Agriculture, 1862-1962," Journal of Economic History, 22: , Dec.
1962.
Farmer, "The Economic Background of Frontier Populism," pp.
330-334 in Nash, ed., 1964.
Bogue, "The Land Mortgage Company in the Early Plains
States," pp. 335-47 in Nash, ed., 1964.
Gates, "The Homestead Law in an Incongruous Land System,"
(pp.262-72) in Robertson & Pate, eds., 1966.
The Spotlight, "William H. Murray (1869-1956): Alfalfa
Bill," in Carto, ed., Profiles ..., 1982.
Bogart & Thompson, ch:XVII "Development of Agricultural,
1860-1915," pp. 598-643 and ch:XXIII "Conservation" pp. 848-53.
Source documents on the Populist movement, in Hofstadter,
ed., 1958, Vol II: pp. 131-152.
Bryan, "Cross of Gold Speech," in Hofstadter, ed., 1958,
Vol II: pp. 166-72.
Lindsay, "Bryan, Bryan, Bryan, Bryan," pp. 283-86 in
Blicksilver, ed., 1985.
Overton, "Westward Expansion Since the Homestead Act," pp.
338-65 in Williamson, ed., 1951.
Ross, "The Expansion of Agriculture," pp. 388-417 in
Williamson, ed., 1951.
Rister, "The Pastoral Economy of the West," pp. 418-31 in
Williamson, ed., 1951.
SPECIAL RECOMMENDED READINGS: Hawk, "Economic Progress in the
South After 1880: Agriculture," (pp. 449-74) in Hawk, South,
1934.
Ratner, Soltow and Sylla, ch. 11: pp. 255-74, "Continental
Expansion and the Modernization of Agriculture."
XVI. Coast to Coast Transportation: The Railroads
A. Was the Federal Policy of granting Land to the Railroads
socially beneficial?
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 16.
READING/PRESENTATION: Fishlow, "The Dynamics of Railroad
Extension into the West," (pp. 402-16) in Fogel and Engerman,
eds., 1971.
Fogel, "Railroads and American Economic Growth," (pp. 187-
203) in Fogel and Engerman, eds., 1971.
Fogel, "The Union Pacific Railroad: Questions of Public
Policy," (pp. 417-25) in Fogel and Engerman, eds., 1971.
Fogel, "A Quantitative Approach to the Study of Railroads in
American Economic Growth: Report of some Preliminary Finds," (pp.
282-305) in Robertson & Pate, eds., 1966.
Boyd and Walton, "The Social Saving From 19th Century Rail
Passenger Services," Explorations in Economic History, 9: 233-54,
1972.
Fleisig, "The Central Pacific Railroad and the Railroad Land
Grant Controversy," Journal of Economic History, 35: 552-66,
1975.
Harbeson, "Railroads and Regulation, 1877-1916: Conspiracy
or Public Interest?" Journal of Economic History, 37: 230-42,
1967.
Mercer, "Land Grants to American Railroads: Social Cost or
Social Benefit?" Business History Review, 1969.
Mercer, "Taxpayers or Investors: Who Paid for the Land Grant
Railroads?" Business History Review, 1972.
Henry, "The Railroad Land Grant Legend in American History
Texts," pp. 322-326 in Nash, ed., 1964.
Ellis, "The Railroads and Their Federal Land Grants: a
Critical Review," pp. 327-29 in Nash, ed., 1964.
Bogart & Thompson, ch:XIX: "Commerce, Transportation and
Communication, 1860-1915," pp. 644-86.
Ratner, Soltow and Sylla, ch. 14: pp. 320-43, "Building
National Railroad and Communications Networks."
XVII. The New Industries
A. Technological Change
B. Firm Size and Industrial Concentration
C. New Products and Industries
D. Was Monopolization of the Petroleum Industry
Economically Constructive or Destructive?
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 17.
Lee and Passell, ch 13.
READING/PRESENTATION: North, chs. 6-7 & 11-12
Rosenberg, "Technological Change in the Machine Tool
Industry," Journal of Economic History, 23, Dec. 1963.
McCurdy, "American Law and the Marketing Structure of the
Large Corporations: 1875-1890," Journal of Economic History, 38:
631-49, Sept. 1978.
Passer, "The Electric Light and the Gas Light: Innovation
and Continuity in Economic History," pp. 287-96 in Blicksilver,
ed., 1985.
Davis, "The Investment Market: 1870-1914: Evolution of a
National Market," Journal of Economic History, 25 (Sept. 1965)
Williamson, "The Modern Corporation: Origins, Evolution and
Attributes," Jrl of Economic Literature, Dec. 1981.
Fogel and Engerman, "A Model of the Explanation of
Industrial Expansion During the Nineteenth Century: Application
to the American Iron Industry," (pp. 148-62) in Fogel and
Engerman, eds., 1971.
Davis, "Capital Mobility and American Growth," (pp. 241-256)
in Fogel and Engerman, eds., 1971.
Atack, "Industrial Structure and the Emergence of the Modern
Industrial Corporation," Explorations in Economic History, 22:
29-52, 1985.
Chandler and Galambos, "The Development of Large-Scale
Economic Organizations in Modern America," Journal of Economic
History, 30: 201-17, 1970.
McGee, "Predatory Price Cutting: The Standard Oil (N.J.)
Case, Journal of Law and Economics, : 137-69, 1958.
Woolf, "Electricity, Productivity and Labor Savings:
American Manufacturing, 1900-1929," Explorations in Economic
History, 21: , April 1984.
Pratt, "The Petroleum Industry in Transition: Antitrust and
the Decline of Monopoly Control in Oil," Journal of Economic
History, 40: , Dec. 1980.
Josephson, "The Robber Barons," pp. 347-357 in Nash, ed.,
1964.
Hidy and Hidy, "Pioneering in Big Business," pp. 358-68 in
Nash, ed., 1964.
Cochran, "The Legend of the Robber Barons," (pp. 316-27) in
Robertson & Pate, eds., 1966.
Hughes, "Eight Tycoons: The Entrepreneur and American
History," (pp. 423-35) in Robertson & Pate, eds., 1966.
Mitchell, "Business Consolidation," pp. 155-68 in Mitchell,
Postscripts ..., 1967.
George, "Progress and Poverty," in in Hofstadter, ed., 1958,
Vol II: pp. 70-78.
Carneige, "Wealth," in Hofstadter, ed., 1958, Vol II: pp.
87-92.
Lippmann, "The Themes of Muckraking," in Hofstadter, ed.,
1958, Vol II: pp. 256-61.
Williamson, "Management and Innovations: The Winchester
Repeating Arms Company, A Case Study," pp. 268-77 in Coats &
Robertson, eds., 1969.
Sawyer, "The Social Basis of the American System of
Manufacturing," pp. 278-92 in Coats & Robertson, eds., 1969.
Kuhlmann, "The Processing of Agricultural Products after
1860," pp. 432-53 in Williamson, ed., 1951.
Hunter, "Products of the Earth, 1866-1918," pp. 454-73 in
Williamson, ed., 1951.
Hunter, "The Heavy Industries," pp. 474-94 in Williamson,
ed., 1951.
Rezneck, "Light Manufactures," pp. 495-510 in Williamson,
ed., 1951.
Myers, "The Investment Market after the Civil War," pp. 571-
84 in Williamson, ed., 1951.
Kessler, "Business Organization and Management," pp. 602-15
in Williamson, ed., 1951.
Bain, "Industrial Concentration and Anti-Trust Policy," pp.
616-30 in Williamson, ed., 1951.
SPECIAL RECOMMENDED READINGS: Hawk, "Economic Progress in the
South after 1880: Industry, Transportation & Commerce," (pp. 475-
502) in Hawk, South, 1934.
Ratner, Soltow and Sylla, ch. 12: pp. 275-300, "Mass
Production and the Advent of Big Business."
XVIII. Labor and Labor Unions
A. Labor Consciousness: What factors fostered the Growth
of Permanent Labor Organizations after 1865?
B. Immigration and the Composition of the
Labor Force
C. Urbanization: Did the "New" Immigrants have a
preference for City Life?
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 18.
READING/PRESENTATION: Clark, "Authority and Efficiency: The
Labor Market and the Managerial Revolution of the Late 19th
Century," Journal of Economic History, 44 (Dec. 1984)
Gutman, "Work, Culture and Society in Industrializing
America," American Historical Review, 78: 531-88, June 1973.
Easterlin, "Population Issues in American Economic History:
Survey and Critique," (pp. 131-58) in Gallman, R. ed., Recent
Developments in the Study of Business and Economic History,
supplement 1 in Research in Economic History, Jai Press, 1977.
Kuznets, "The Contribution of Immigration to the Growth of
the Labor Force," (pp. 396-401) in Fogel and Engerman, eds.,
1971.
Galloway and Vedder, "The Increasing Urbanization Thesis:
Did 'New Immigrants' to the United States Have a Particular
Fondness for Urban Life?" Explorations in Economic History, 8:
305-20, 1971.
Weiss, "Urbanization and the Growth of the Service
Workforce," Explorations in Economic History, 8: 241-58, 1971.
Dunlevy and Gemery, "Economic Opportunity and the Responses
of the 'Old' and 'New' Migrants to the United States," Journal of
Economic History, 38: 901-17, 1978.
Ermish and Weiss, "The Impact of the Rural Market on the
Growth of the Urban Workforce: U.S. 1870-1900," Explorations in
Economic History, 11: 137-54, Winter 1973-74.
Frauendorf, "Relative Earnings of Native and Foreign-Born
Women," Explorations in Economic History, 15: 211-20, 1978.
Niemi, "The Role of Immigration in United States Commodity
Production: 1869-1929," Social Science Quarterly, 52(1): , June
1971.
Goldin, "The Work and Wages of Single Women, 1870-1920," Jrl
of Economic History, 40(1): , March, 1980.
Taft, "A Theory of the American Labor Movement," pp. 394-99
in Nash, ed., 1964.
Hardman, "From Job-Consciousness to Power Accumulation," pp.
400-407 in Nash, ed., 1964.
Bernstein, "The Growth of American Unions," (pp. 359-75) in
Robertson & Pate, eds., 1966.
Bogart & Thompson, ch:XXII "Population and Labor, 1860-
1915," pp. 777-812 and ch: XXIII "Economic Progress and Well-
Being, 1860-1915," pp. 813-47.
Ratner, Soltow and Sylla, ch. 13: pp. 301-19, "Labor in the
Industrial Society."
Gompers, "Letter on Labor in Industrial Society," in
Hofstadter, ed., 1958, Vol II: pp. 108-112.
Perlman, "The Basic Philosophy of the American Labor
Movement," pp. 353-61 in Coben & Hill, eds., 1965.
Daugherty, "The Changing Status of Labor," pp. 585-601 in
Williamson, ed., 1951.
XIX. Money, Prices and Financial Institutions
A. Economic Fluctations
B. Institutions for Controlling the Money Supply
C. What was the Pattern of Economic Growth after 1865?
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 19.
READING/PRESENTATION: Rockoff, "The Free Banking Era ..." Jrl
of Money, Credit and Banking, March 1975.
Rockoff, "Price and Wage Controls in Four Wartime Periods,"
Jrl of Economic History, June 1981.
Kindahl, "Economic Factors in Specie Resumption: The United
States, 1865-1879," (pp. 468-479) in Fogel and Engerman, eds.,
1971.
Hughes and Rosenberg, "The United States Business Cycle
Before 1860: Some Problems of Interpretation," Economic History
Review, 15: , (2nd series) 1963.
James, "The Development of a National Money Market: 1893-
1911," Journal of Economic History, 33: 878-97, 1976.
Sylla, "American Banking and Growth in the Nineteenth
Century: A Partial View of the Terrain," Explorations in Economic
History, 9: , Winter 1971-72.
Adams, "Economics of Business Cycles," pp. 379-81 in Nash,
ed., 1964.
Mitchell, "Business Cycles: the Problem and its Setting,"
pp. 382-93 in Nash, ed., 1964.
Friedman and Schwartz, 1963: ch:2 (pp.15-88), ch:3 (pp.89-
134) & ch:4 (pp.135-88).
Robertson, "St. Louis as a Central Reserve City: 1887-1922,"
(pp. 306-315) in Robertson & Pate, eds., 1966.
Nugent, Money Question, 1974.
Bogart & Thompson, ch:XX "Financial History, Money and
Banking, 1860-1915," pp. 687-737.
Ratner, Soltow and Sylla, ch.15: pp. 344-72, "The Financial
System Under Stress."
White, pp. 191-233 & 374-418.
Cagan, "The First Fifty Years of the National Banking System
-- an Historical Appraisal," pp. 247-67 in Coats & Robertson,
eds., 1969.
Poole, "Money and Banking, 1865-1919," pp. 551-70 in
Williamson, ed., 1951.
XX. Foreign Trade and Relations
A. Trade at Home and Abroad
B. Protectionism
C. Imperialism
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 20.
Lee and Passell, chs 14 - 15.
READING/PRESENTATION: *Baack and Ray, "The Political Economy of
Tariff Policy: Case Study of the United States," Explorations in
Economic History, 20: 73-93, 1983.
Lebergott, "The Returns to U.S. Imperialism, 1890-1929,"
Journal of Economic History, 40: 229-52, 1980.
Stout and Faulk, "Internal Development of the West," pp.
195-262 in American West, 1967.
Ratner, Soltow and Sylla, ch. 16: pp. 373-98, "National and
World Markets of Mass Production."
Lodge, "Our Blundering Foreign Policy," in Hofstadter, ed.,
1958, Vol II: pp. 187-90.
"Platform of the American Anti-Imperialist League," in
Hofstadter, ed., 1958, Vol II: pp. 202-03.
Gideonse, "Foreign Trade and Commercial Policy," pp. 534-550
in Williamson, ed., 1951.
Economic Prosperity, Collapse and Recovery
XXI. World War I
A. Did Business Groups manipulate American Entrance into
WWI?
B. What were the Politico-Economic Consequences of the
Versailles Treaty?
C. What lessons can be learned from the War-time Inflation
in the United States?
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 21.
READING/PRESENTATION: *Friedman, "Price, Income and Monetary
Changes in Three Wartime Periods," American Economic Review, 42:
May 1952.
Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace, Vol. 2 of
The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes. Cambridge:
Macmillan-Cambridge University Press, chs. 1 and 2, pp. 1-16.
Alstyne, "Private American Loans to the Allies: 1914-16,"
pp. 408-412 in Nash, ed., 1964.
Syrett, "The Business Press and American Neutrality: 1914-
17," pp. 413-17 in Nash, ed., 1964.
Friedman and Schwartz, 1963: ch:5 (pp.189-239).
North, "Structure and Change in the American Economy, 1787-
1914," ch 14 (pp. 187-98) in North, Structure ..., 1981.
The Spotlight, "Charles A. Lindbergh (1902-74)," in Carto,
ed., Profiles ..., 1982.
Gerrish, "Public Finance and Fiscal Policy, 1866-1918," pp.
631-45 in Williamson, ed., 1951.
XXII. Pseudo-Prosperity and Collapse: the 1920s
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 22.
READING/PRESENTATION: *Holt, "Who Benefited from the Prosperity
of the Twenties?" Explorations in Economic History, 14: 277-89,
1977.
Johnson, "Postwar Optimism and the Rural Financial Crisis of
the 1920s," Explorations in Economic History, 11: 173-92, Winter
1973-74.
Keller, "Factor Income Distribution in the United States
During the 1920s: Reexamination of Fact and Theory," Journal of
Economic History, 33: 252-73, 1973.
Mercer and Morgan, "Alternative Interpretations of Market
Saturation: Evaluation for the Automobile Market in the late
1920s," Explorations in Economic History, 9: 269-90, Spring 1972.
Smiley, "Did Incomes for Most of the Population Fall from
1923 Through 1929?" Journal of Economic History, 42: 209-16,
1983.
White, "Reinterpretation of the Banking Crisis of 1930,"
Journal of Economic History, 44: 119-38, 1984.
Schumpeter, "The Decade of the Twenties," American Economic
Review (supplement), May 1946.
Friedman and Schwartz, 1963: ch:6 (pp.240-298).
Chandler, "Development, Diversification and Decentra-
lization," (pp. 327-348) in Robertson & Pate, eds., 1966.
The Spotlight, "Robert M. LaFollette Sr. (1855-1925)," in
Carto, ed., Profiles ..., 1982.
The Spotlight, "Henry Ford (1863-1947): A New Outlook in
Industry," in Carto, ed., Profiles ..., 1982.
Mitchell, "Recent Economic Changes in the United States, A
Review," pp. 375-86 in Blicksilver, ed., 1985.
Somers, "The Performance of the American Economy, 1866-
1918," pp. 646-63 in Williamson, ed., 1951.
XXIII. The Great Contraction
A. What factors lead to the Crash of 1929?
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 23.
Lee and Passell, ch 16.
READING/PRESENTATION: Barber, "On the Origins of the Great
Depression," Southern Economic Journal, 432-55 (Jan. 1978).
Field, "New Interpretation of the Onset of the Great
Depression," Journal of Economic History, 45: , June 1984.
Temin, Did Monetary Forces Causes the Great Depression?,
"Introduction" (pp. 1-12) and "Conclusions" (pp. 169-178)
Bernanke, "Non-Monetary Effects of the Financial Crisis in
the Propagation of the Great Depression," American Economic
Review, 73: 257-76, 1983.
Boughton and Wicker, "The Behavior of the Currency-Deposit
Ratio during the Great Depression," Journal of Money, Credit and
Banking, 1: 405-18, 1979.
Gramm, "The Real Balance Effect in the Great Depression,"
Journal of Economic History, 22: 499-519, June 1972.
Mayer, "Consumption in the Great Depression," Journal of
Political Economy, 86: 139-45, 1978.
Mayer, "Money and the Great Depression: A Critique of
Professor Temin's Thesis," Explorations in Economic History, 15:
127-45, 1978.
Muchmore, "The Banking Crisis of 1933: Some Iowa Evidence,"
Journal of Economic History, 30: 627-39, Sept. 1970.
Peppers, "Full Employment Surplus Analysis and Structural
Changes: the 1930s," Explorations in Economic History, 10: 197-
210, Winter 1973.
Stauffer, "The Bank Failures of 1930-1931," Journal of
Money, Credit and Banking, 13: 109-113, 1981.
Trescott, "Federal Reserve Policy in the Great Contraction:
Counterfactual Assessment," Explorations in Economic History, 19:
211-20, 1982.
Wicker, "Interest Rates and Expenditure Effects of the
Banking Panic of 1930," Explorations in Economic History, 19:
435-45, 1982.
Keynes, "The Harris Lectures," (pp.343-367) in Vol. 13 of
The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes. Cambridge:
Macmillan-Cambridge University Press, The General Theory and
After: Preparation.
Fisher, "The Great Stock Market Crash of 1929," pp. 434-437
in Nash, ed., 1964.
Galbraith, "The Great Crash, 1929," pp. 438-43 in Nash, ed.,
1964.
Kindleberger, The World in Depression: 1929-1939,
"Introduction" (pp. 19-30), "The Agricultural Depression" (ch.4:
pp. 83-107), and "An Explanation of the 1929 Depression" (ch. 14:
pp. 291-308).
Friedman and Schwartz, 1963: ch:7 (pp.299-419).
Mitchell, "The Great Depression," pp. 169-96 in Mitchell,
Postscripts ..., 1967.
Hoover, "Rugged Individualism Speech," in Hofstadter, ed.,
1958, Vol II: pp. 338-42.
Roosevelt, "Commonwealth Club Speech" & "First Inaugural
Address," in Hofstadter, ed., 1958, Vol II: pp. 351-57.
SPECIAL RECOMMENDED READING: Galbraith, The Great Crash.
Friedman & Scwhartz, The Great Contration: 1929-33,
Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ Press, 1965.
XXIV. The New Deal: Evolution or Revolution?
A. Agricultural Policy
B. Industrial Policy
C. Public Works
D. Fiscal Policy
E. Did New Deal Policies Revive the Economy or Extent the
Depression?
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 24.
READING/PRESENTATION: Brown, "Fiscal Policy in the Thirties: A
Reappraisal," (pp. 480-488) in Fogel and Engerman, eds., 1971.
Alston, "Farm Foreclosures in the United States during the
Interwar Period," Journal of Economic History, 43: 885-903, 1983.
Alston, "Farm Foreclosure Moratorium Legislation: Lesson
from the Past," American Economic Review, 74: 445-57, 1984.
Reading, "New Deal Activity and the States: 1933 to 1939,"
Journal of Economic History, 33: 792-810, 1973.
Simley, "Recent Unemployment Rate Estimates for the 1920s
and 1930s," Journal of Economic History, 43: 487-93, 1983.
Wallis and Benjamin, "Public Relief and Private Employment
in the Great Depression," Journal of Economic History, 41: 97-
102, 1981.
Wright, "The Political Economy of New Deal Spending:
Econometric Analysis," Review of Economics and Statistics, 56:
30-38, 1974.
Smithies, "The American Economy in the Thirties," pp. 444-60
in Nash, ed., 1964.
Means, "A Critique of Professor Smithies," pp. 461-64 in
Nash, ed., 1964.
Friedman and Schwartz, 1963: ch:8 (pp. 420-92) & ch:9
(pp. 493-545).
Gressley, "Thurman Arnold, Antitrust and the New Deal," (pp.
406-17) in Robertson & Pate, eds., 1966.
"National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933," "The
Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933" and "The National Labor
Relations Act of 1935," (pp. 436, 440 & 442) in Robertson & Pate,
eds., 1966.
Ross, "Agriculture in an Industrial Economy," pp. 687-98 in
Williamson, ed., 1951.
XXV. The Economics of Total War: World War II
A. Have Wars stimulated American Economic Growth?
B. Is there a Recurrent War Cycle?
BACKGROUND READING: Walton & Rockoff, ch 25.
READING/PRESENTATION: *Glenn, "Changes in the American
Occupational Structure and Occupational Gains of Negroes during
the 1940s," Social Forces, 41: 188-95, 1962.
Rockoff, "Indirect Price Increases and Real Wages during
World War II," Explorations in Economic History, 15: 407-20, Oct.
1978.
Rockoff, "Price and Wage Controls in Four Wartime Periods,"
Journal of Economic History, 41: 123-28, 1981.
Wright, "The More Enduring Consequences of American Wars,"
pp. 465-80 in Nash, ed., 1964.
Silberling, "The Dynamics of Business," pp. 481-86 in Nash,
ed., 1964.
Tarascio, "Economic and War Cycles," History of Political
Economy, 21: 91-101, Spring 1989.
Friedman and Schwartz, 1963: ch:10 (pp.546-91)..
Marshall, "The Marshall Plan," in Hofstadter, ed., 1958,
Vol II: pp. 416-419.
Devilbiss, "The Life and Times of Rosie the Riveter," pp.
411-16 in Blicksilver, ed., 1985.