EH.Net Abstracts in Economic History

AEH: AMER.LABOR: How Much Did Immigrant 'Quality' Decline in Late-Nineteenth-Century America?

Hatton, Timothy (thatton at eh.net)

Tue May 20 04:03:55 EDT 1997

               EHS Abstract Submission
                    (c) 1997 EH.Net
-----------------------------------------------------------
              Name:  Timothy J. Hatton
               Email:  thatton at eh.net
         Institution:  University of Essex  

         Co-author:  None
 
             Title:  How Much Did Immigrant 'Quality' Decline in
Late-Nineteenth-Century America?
 
  Internet Address
of abstracted work:  Not available on the Internet  

           By mail:  
                     Timothy J. Hatton
                     Department of Economics
                     University of Essex
                     Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ 
                     United Kingdom
 
          Language:  English
 
          Abstract:
   This paper examines the parallels in the debates on the
decline in immigrant quality (so-called) between the late
nineteenth and the late twentieth centuries.
Late-nineteenth-century observers argued that the recent
immigrants were inferior, and in particular, less skilled, than
the old.  I estimate wage equations for 1909, allowing for
different effects by nationality.  I then examine the
relationship between the immigrant wage rates and the
characteristics of the different nationalities on arrival in the
United States.	I apply the estimated wage differentials to the
immigrant composition to measure the effect of changing
composition on immigrant earnings.  Finally I ask how immigrant
earning power changed relative to that of those American-born.	I
conclude that immigrant quality in terms of earnings did decline
by about 5 percent and that this was almost entirely due to
shifts in the nationality composition.	But these effects are
only a fifth of the size of those reported in studies of the
post-Second World War period.

 
      Bibliography:  Hatton, Timothy J. "How Much Did Immigrant
'Quality' Decline in Late-Nineteenth-Century America?" Paper
presented at the Cliometrics Conference, University of Toronto,
May 1997.

 
                  Subject:  T
 Geographical Area:  7
      Country/Region:  United States
           Time Period:  0, 7, 9