CODEBOOK AND USER'S MANUAL: A SURVEY OF 1,204 WAGE-EARNERS IN KANSAS, 1897 REPORTED IN THE THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE KANSAS BUREAU OF LABOR AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS, 1897 Version 1.1 May 8, 1993 Susan B. Carter Roger L. Ransom Richard Sutch Hongcheng Zhao Historical Labor Statistics Project Institute of Business and Economic Research University of California Berkeley, California 94720 This codebook is a preliminary draft. The data described here and accompanying this version of the codebook is still in a preliminary format and may contain errors. Those wishing to use this data for research purposes should check with the authors for an update. Neither the collectors of the data or those sponsoring the data collection wish to bear responsibility for the use to which others may make of this data. The financial support of the National Science Foundation, the All-UC Group in Economic History, and of the Institute of Business and Economic Research and the Laboratory for Historical Research, both of the University of California, is appreciated. For further description of the Historical Labor Statistics Project, discussion of the social, economic, and political context in which the data were collected, and an assessment of data quality, see Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Richard Sutch, "The Historical Labor Statistics Project at the University of California," Historical Methods 24 (2) (Spring 1991): 52-65 and Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Richard Sutch, "Doing the Wright Thing: Carroll Wright and the State Labor Statistics Movement." Paper Presented at the Conference on Historical Labor Statistics, Lawrence, Kansas, June 1991. Suggested Citation: Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, Richard Sutch, and Hongcheng Zhao. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 1,204 Wage- Earners in Kansas, 1897; Reported in the Thirteenth Annual Report of the Kansas Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics. Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research, 1993. A SURVEY OF 1,204 WAGE-EARNERS IN KANSAS, 1897 This survey of 1,204 wage-earners in Kansas was conducted by the State's Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics in 1897 and published in its Thirteenth Annual Report. [1] It was one of a series of worker surveys conducted by the Bureau. The survey was conducted by mail. On December 31, 1897, a cover letter explaining the Bureau's mandate and goals together with a 49-question schedule and a stamped return envelope were sent to 5,000 wage-earners across the State. The Bureau explained that: The names and addresses of the wage-earners to whom schedules were sent were obtained in most instances from their employers, who were supplied by this department with blanks for this purpose. [2] The Bureau lamented that, "The names of hundreds of wage-earners were received to whom schedules were not mailed, owing to the insufficiency of our postage fund." [3] Returns were not complete. Of the 5,000 schedules distributed, 1,755 were returned. Of these, the Bureau considered only 1,204 to be sufficiently complete for tabulation. It expressed frustration at the relatively small number of usable returns, noting somewhat wistfully that the episode, ...adds one more year's experience to that of the department, emphasizing the necessity of an increase in the postage fund, or provision made to have this work done throught special agents--the method adopted by the national government, and also in use in the most progressive states in the union. [4] Despite these disappointments, the Bureau felt the returns were "fairly representative of the wage-earners of the state, for the reason that nearly all of the vocations and a large majority of the counties are represented..." [5] It was particularly eager to call the report to the attention of legislators. He will find many evils pointed out that demand the exercise of his wisdom and best judgment to bring about their immediate correction.... [6] The Historical Labor Statistics Project has transformed these data into machine-readable form using the procedures and codes outlined in this Codebook. Table 1 lists the questions asked in the survey and the variable names assigned to each response. Tables 2 through 60 present descriptive statistics on the values and distributions of responses to the questions asked including, where necessary, the numeric codes used in entering the data into the computer. Since version 1.0, some of the variable names have been changed. Users are reminded to be aware of these changes. The data from this sample of 1,204 wage-earners in Kansas in 1897 has been archived at the Laboratory for Historical Research at the University of California, Riverside. For additional information regarding the availability of these data please contact: Professor Roger Ransom Department of History University of California, Riverside Riverside, CA 92521 FAX [909] 787-5299 NOTES [1] The Kansas Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics, Thirteenth Annual Report 1897. Topeka: J. S. Parks, State Printer, 1898. [2] Ibid., p. 221. [3] Ibid. [4] Ibid. [5] Ibid. [6] Ibid., p. 222. Table 1 Questions Asked of Respondents Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Name Description PAGE Page on Which the Survey Results Begin ID Case Number TABLE Table Number SUB_ID Case Number Assigned by the Kansas Bureau RES Residence AGE Age SEX Sex POB Where Born? FPOB Nativity of Father MPOB Nativity of Mother TRADE Have You a Trade or Profession? If so, What is It? OCC Present Employment SAMEOCC Present Employment is Same as Trade or Profession [calculated] YRSEMP Length of Time Employed at Present Occupation NOCC In How Many Different Situations or Terms of Employment have You been Engaged during 1897? HOURS Average Number of Hours Worked Per Day during 1897 PAYOVER What Rate of Pay, if any, for Over-time? IFCHGSAT Are your Working Hours Reduced or Increased on Saturday? CHGHRS If Working Hours Different on Saturday, How Much? CHGOPP Has Opportunity for Employment Increased or Decreased Compared with 1896? LAWHRS In favor of an Eight-Hour Work-Day Established by Law? WAGEHR Rate of Wages Received Per Hour WAGETON Rate of Wages Received Per Ton WAGEDAY Rate of Wages Received Per Day WAGEWK Rate of Wages Received Per Week WAGEMO Rate of Wages Received Per Month WAGEMILE Rate of Wages Received Per Mile IFCHGWG Compared with 1896, has your Wages Increased or Decreased? CHGWAGE If Wages have Changed, by What Per Cent? WAGE Total Wages Received for your Labor during 1897 OMALEMP Number of other Males in Family Working for Wages OFEMEMP Number of other Females in Family Working for Wages OTOTEMP Total Number of others in Family Working for Wages OMALINC Total Earnings of other Males in Family for 1897 OFEMINC Total Earnings of other Females in Family for 1897 OTOTINC Total Earnings of others in Family for 1897 OTHINC Income from other Sources during 1897 (garden, rent, pension, etc.) TOTEAR Grand Total Income from all Sources for 1897 PERIOD At What Intervals are your Wages Paid? PREFPER What is your Preference for your Wage Payment? PAYCASH Are Wages Paid in Cash? PAYSTORE Are Wages Paid in Orders on Store or Scrip? PCTSTORE Percent Paid in Store Orders or Scrip COLINC Percent of Increased Cost of Merchandise when Paid in Scrip COLFOOD Cost of Living -- Food COLFUEL Cost of Living -- Fuel COLCLOT Cost of Living -- Clothing COLSICK Cost of Living -- Sickness COLSUND Cost of Living -- Sundries COLYR Total Cost of Living COLCHG Has Cost of Living Increased or Decreased Compared with 1896? CHGCOL Percent Change in Cost of Living Compared with 1896 MSCHKIDS How Many Male Kids are of School Age? FSCHKIDS How many Female Kids are of School Age? TSCHKIDS How Many Kids in Total are of School Age? MALESCH How Many Male Kids are Attending School? FEMSCH How Many Female Kids are Attending School? SCH How Many Kids in Total are Attending School? UNION To What Labor Organization do You Belong? INSUR What Kind of Insurance Carried? DANGER Is your Employment Dangerous? UNHEALTH Is your Employment Unhealthful? SEPWC Separate Water-closets for the Sexes WTRSOURC Source of Water for Family Use WTRPLENT Is Water-supply for Family Use Plentiful? WTRWHOLE Is Water-supply for family Use Wholesome? DISWTR Distance of Water-supply from nearest Contamination IFINVEST Are You Making any Investments, by Installment or Otherwise? INVEST Amount of your Investment Per Annum OWNHM Do You Own a Home? IFINCUMB If so, is It Free from Incumbrance? INCUMB If Incumbered, in What Amount? RENT If You Live in a Rented Home, How Much Rent do You Pay Per Month? RESIMM Do You Favor Restriction or Suppression of Foreign Immigration? WKSUN Are You Required to Work on Sunday? RESTSUN Do You Favor a Compulsory Sunday-rest Law? ADOPT Would Adoption of Sunday-rest Law be Practical? ENDORSE Do You Consider the Work of this Bureau in its Collection and Dissemination of "Statistical Details relating to all Departments of Labor and Industrial Pursuits in the State, especially in their Relation to the Commercial, Industrial, Social, Educational and Sanitary Condition of the Laboring Classes, and to the Permanent Prosperity of the Productive Industries of the State, Sufficient Benefit and Importance to the People of this State to Demand its Continuance and Support? COMMENT Comment on Type of the Respondents Table 2 Residence [RES] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Code Response Frequency 1 Allen 37 2 Anderson 48 3 Atchison 46 4 Barber 20 5 Barton 14 6 Bourbon 41 7 Brown 22 8 Butler 25 9 Cherokee 48 10 Clay 7 11 Cowley 4 12 Cloud 9 13 Crawford 36 14 Decatur 9 15 Dickinson 21 16 Doniphan 1 17 Douglas 29 18 Elk 42 19 Ellis 10 20 Elsworth 1 21 Ford 23 22 Franklin 15 23 Geary 12 24 Greenwood 13 25 Harper 12 26 Harvey 24 27 Jackson 4 28 Jewell 7 29 Johnson 19 30 Kingman 15 31 Kiowa 1 32 Labette 22 33 Lane 3 34 Leavenworth 15 35 Linn 4 36 Lworth 12 37 Lyon 11 38 Marion 17 39 Marshall 31 40 Mcpherson 27 41 Miami 6 42 Mitchell 6 43 Montgomery 52 44 Neosho 34 45 Osage 13 46 Osborne 1 47 Ottawa 11 48 Pawnee 1 49 Phillips 16 50 Pratt 2 51 Reno 29 52 Republic 8 53 Rice 2 54 Riley 6 55 Rooks 1 56 Rush 10 57 Saline 4 58 Sedgwick 23 59 Shawnee 53 60 Sheridan 14 61 Sherman 11 62 Smith 1 63 Sumner 15 64 Wabaunsee 6 65 Washington 7 66 Wilson 34 67 Woodson 2 68 Wyandotte 79 Total 1,204 Table 3 Age [AGE] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Age or code Frequency -9(No response) 8 14 - 20 years old 93 21 - 25 216 26 - 30 244 31 - 35 200 36 - 40 188 41 - 45 99 46 - 50 83 51 - 55 45 56 - 60 18 61 - 73 10 Total 1,204 Table 4 Sex [SEX] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Code Response Frequency 1 Male 1,069 2 Female 135 Total 1,204 Table 5 Where Born? and Nativity of Parents Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Frequency Respondent Father Mother Code Response [POB] [FPOB] [MPOB] -9 No response 21 43 46 1 Africa 0 5 4 2 Arkansas 1 0 0 3 Alabama 1 1 2 4 America 11 373 386 5 Austria 7 6 7 6 Bavaria 0 1 1 7 Belgium 3 3 3 8 Bohemia 4 4 4 9 Canada 15 9 13 10 Colorado 2 0 0 11 Connecticut 4 3 0 12 Delaware 0 0 1 13 Denmark 8 8 7 14 Dis. Col. 1 0 0 15 England 32 93 85 16 Florida 1 0 0 17 France 3 17 8 18 Germany 45 154 162 19 Holland 0 1 3 20 Illinois 151 29 32 21 Indiana 95 36 16 22 India 1 0 23 23 Iowa 75 2 6 24 Ireland 14 78 66 25 Italy 0 0 1 26 Kansas 198 0 0 27 Kentucky 30 26 29 28 Louisiana 3 1 1 29 Maine 1 0 3 30 Maryland 15 6 3 31 Massachusetts 0 9 3 32 Michigan 18 0 2 33 Minnesota 8 0 0 34 Missouri 86 14 25 35 N. Brunswick 1 0 0 36 N. Carolina 4 6 1 37 N. Hampshire 1 0 3 38 Nebraska 7 0 0 39 Netherlands 0 1 0 40 Nevada 1 0 0 41 New Jersey 5 8 6 42 New Mexico 1 0 0 43 Norway 1 2 2 44 New York 42 30 26 45 Ohio 111 69 76 46 Ontario 1 0 0 47 Pennsylvania 81 56 54 48 Prussia 1 1 1 49 Rhode Island 0 0 1 50 Russia 5 2 2 51 S. Carolina 0 1 2 52 S. Russia 3 0 0 53 S. Wales 0 0 1 54 Scotland 10 34 30 55 Spain 0 0 2 56 Sweden 20 22 22 57 Switzerland 1 5 1 58 Tennessee 11 10 9 59 Texas 2 0 0 60 Virginia 5 20 11 61 Vermont 4 4 1 62 W. Virginia 6 1 1 63 Wales 2 10 7 64 Wisconsin 24 0 3 Total 1,204 1,204 1,204 Table 6 Have You a Trade or Profession? [TRADE] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 349 1 Baker 6 2 Barber 21 3 Beef butcher 4 4 Blacksmith 12 5 Boiler maker 3 6 Bookbinder 5 7 Bookkeeper 31 8 Bookkeeper & stenographer 4 9 Bookkeeper & mach. 1 10 Bookkeeper & mus'n 1 11 Bottler 2 12 Brakeman 24 13 Brick burner 1 14 Brick molder 1 15 Brick maker 1 16 Brick mason 1 17 Broom maker 1 18 Butch., meat cutter 1 19 Butcher 8 20 Butter maker 9 21 Calcimining 1 22 Carpenter 57 23 Carpenter, barber 1 24 Carriage maker 2 25 Cashier 1 26 Chocolate dipper 1 27 Cigar maker 21 28 Clerk 21 29 Canned-goods processor 1 30 Coal miner 52 31 Common laborer 1 32 Compositor 15 33 Cook 2 34 Cooper 20 35 Creamery man 6 36 Dairying 1 37 Delivery clerk 1 38 Dresser maker 4 39 Drug clerk 1 40 Dry-goods clerk 6 41 Elec. & stereotyp'g 1 42 Engineer 6 43 Express messenger 1 44 Fireman 6 45 Flour packer 5 46 Furnishing clerk 1 47 Grocery clerk 4 48 Harness maker 1 49 Housekeeping 2 50 Iron molder 7 51 Knitter 1 52 Line repairer 1 53 Linotype 1 54 Literary work 1 55 Locksmith 1 56 Locomotive engineer 36 57 Locomotive fireman 39 58 Machinist 18 59 Machinist & blacksmith 1 60 Marble cutter 7 61 Marble dresser 1 62 Marble working 1 63 Merchandise clerk 1 64 Messenger 1 65 Milk inspector 1 66 Milk tester 1 67 Mill worker 5 68 Miller 28 69 Milliner 4 70 Mill wright 2 71 Music teacher 3 72 Oiler 1 73 Order clerk 1 74 Packer canned goods 1 75 Painter 11 76 Painter & barber 1 77 Pattern maker 1 78 Pharmacist 9 79 Photographer 1 80 Plaster mason 1 81 Plasterer 1 82 Plumber 1 83 Plasterer & brick laying 1 84 Pork butcher 4 85 Potter in clay 1 86 Press man 2 87 Printer 70 88 Printing 3 89 Railroad blacksmith 10 90 Railroad clerk 1 91 Railroad conductor 18 92 Sacking salt 1 93 Salesman 6 94 School teacher 25 95 Seamstress 2 96 Second miller 1 97 Second miller, packer 1 98 Shipping clerk 1 99 Shirt ironer 1 100 Shoe maker 6 101 Soap maker 1 102 Solderer 1 103 Spoutsman 1 104 Stationary engineer 39 105 Stationary fireman 1 106 Stationary engineer, carpenter 1 107 Stenographer 5 108 Stock salesman 1 109 Stone mason 13 110 Stone cutter 7 111 Tailor 5 112 Tailoress 2 113 Teacher 12 114 Telegraph operator 1 115 Telephone operator & rr agent 1 116 Telegraphy 21 117 Telephone operator 1 118 Tinner 5 119 Tinsmith 4 120 Trackman 1 121 Typesetting 4 122 Typo 1 123 Wagon maker 1 124 Whip maker 1 125 Wood turner 1 126 Yardmaster 1 Total 1,204 Table 7 What is your Present Employment? [OCC] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 6 1 Agent & operator 18 2 Agent oil co. 1 3 Apprentice 1 4 Assistant bookkeeper 2 5 baggage master 1 6 Baker 5 7 Bakery clerk 1 8 Bank clerk 1 9 Barber 21 10 Bargain-store clerk 1 11 Beef butcher 4 12 Bill clerk 1 13 Blacksmith 7 14 Boiler maker 3 15 Bookbinder 7 16 Bookkeeper 23 17 Bookkeeper & assistant cashier 1 18 Bookkeeper & cashier 4 19 Bookkeeper & clerk 5 20 Bookkeeper & steno. 2 21 Bookkeeper in bank 1 22 Bottler 2 23 Brakeman 24 24 Broom making 1 25 Burning cement 1 26 Butcher 7 27 Butter maker 12 28 Canvassing 1 29 Car repairer 1 30 Carpenter 51 31 Carriage maker 2 32 Cashier 1 33 Cement works 1 34 Cement maker 1 35 Chocolate dipper 1 36 Chopping wood 1 37 Cigar-maker 21 38 City editor W. V. T. 1 39 Clerk 55 40 Clothing salesman 1 41 Coal miner 53 42 College president 1 43 Commercial traveler 1 44 Compositor 17 45 Contractor, stone 1 46 Cook 4 47 Cooper 19 48 Corn meal packer 1 49 County supt. 1 50 Creamery man 13 51 Day laborer 60 52 Delivery clerk 2 53 Domestic service 13 54 Drug clerk 8 55 Dry-goods cashier 1 56 Dry-goods clerk 16 57 Elec. & stereotyper 1 58 Elevator work 3 59 Express messenger 1 60 Farm laborer 13 61 Fire marshal 1 62 Flour-mill engineer 1 63 Flour packer 11 64 Flour packing 1 65 Foreman 1 66 Foreman barn 1 67 Foreman candy co. 1 68 Foreman elevator 1 69 Foreman fruit co. 1 70 Foreman repair gang 1 71 Foreman salt works 1 72 Foreman, local ed. 1 73 Foundry helper 1 74 Fuel foreman 1 75 Furnishing clerk 1 76 Gas & oil peddler 1 77 Gas manufacturer 1 78 Gas filter 2 79 Grain buyer 2 80 Grocery clerk 15 81 Grocery solicitor 1 82 Handling grain 1 83 Hardware clerk 6 84 Head miller 5 85 Hog-head skinner 1 86 Hostler roundhouse 1 87 Iron molder 5 88 Janitor 2 89 Kalsominer 1 90 Laundry clerk 1 91 Laundry engineer 1 92 Laundry work 20 93 Line repairer 1 94 Linotype 2 95 Locomotive fireman 42 96 Machinist 14 97 Machinist & blacksmith 1 98 Managing creamery 1 99 Marble cutter 5 100 Marble dresser 2 101 Marble workman 1 102 Mason & contractor 1 103 Meat cutter 1 104 Merchandise clerk 1 105 Merchandise-stone clerk 1 106 Messenger 1 107 Mgr. gas company 1 108 Mgr. grain elevator 1 109 Mgr. marble works 1 110 Mill clerk 1 111 Mill engine 1 112 Mill worker 22 113 Miller 10 114 Milliner 2 115 Milliner trimmer 1 116 Milling 12 117 Millwright 3 118 Mine boss 1 119 Miner 2 120 Mining gypsum 3 121 Music teacher 1 122 Night watchman 2 123 Oiler 1 124 Order clerk 1 125 Ore dressing 1 126 Packer, grocery co. 1 127 Packing salt 1 128 Painter 7 129 Pattern maker 1 130 Pharmacist 3 131 Plasterer 4 132 Plumber 1 133 Plumber, steam-fitter 3 134 Pork butcher 4 135 Post-office clerk 5 136 Press foreman 1 137 Press man 2 138 Printer 60 139 Printers' apprentice 1 140 Proof reader 1 141 Pumping engine 1 142 Quarrying stone 2 143 Quarryman 2 144 Railroad bill clerk 1 145 Railroad bridgeman 1 146 Railroad blacksmith 10 147 Railroad clerk 1 148 Railroad conductor 19 149 Railroad station agent 1 150 Railroad stock director 1 151 Railroad telegrapher 1 152 Railroading 1 153 Real estate agent 1 154 Reporter 1 155 Running elevator 2 156 Running locomotive 40 157 Running separator 2 158 S. fire'n, flour-mill 1 159 S. fire'n, salt works 2 160 Sacking & boxing salt 1 161 Saleslady 3 162 Salesman 2 163 Salt worker 3 164 School teaching 23 165 Seamstress 3 166 Second miller 2 167 Sec'y mill co. 1 168 Shipping clerk 1 169 Shirt ironer 1 170 Shoe maker 5 171 Skimmer 2 172 Sludging 1 173 Spoutsman 1 174 Stationary engineer 28 175 Stationary engineer, corn mill 1 176 Stationary engineer, creamery 1 177 Stationary engineer, flour mill 2 178 Stationary fireman 8 179 Stenographer 3 180 Stone cutter 7 181 Stone mason 5 182 Stone mason & cutter 2 183 Supt. canning factory 1 184 Supt. furniture co. 1 185 Table waiter 1 186 Tailor 5 187 Tailoress 1 188 Tailoring 1 189 Teacher 8 190 Teamster 33 191 Telegraph operator 2 192 Telephone operator 1 193 Testing milk 1 194 Tinner 3 195 Tinsmith 3 196 Track foreman 25 197 Trackman 42 198 Train dispatcher 1 199 Transferring buffer 1 200 Traveling salesman 5 201 Typesetting 1 202 Upholsterer 1 203 Wagon maker 2 204 Watchman 1 205 Wheat inspector 1 206 Wood turner 1 207 Work in grain co. 1 208 Work in livery barn 2 209 Work in lumber yard 2 210 Work in quarry 1 211 Work in smelter 1 212 Yard foreman 1 213 Yard master 1 Total 1,204 Table 8 Present Occupation Same as Trade or Profession [calculated] [SAMEOCC] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Code Response Frequency 1 No 654 2 Yes 550 Total 1,204 Table 9 Length of Time Employed at Present Occupation [YRSEMP] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Years or code Frequency -9(No response) 138 0.019 - 1.000 year 249 1.001 - 5.000 333 5.001 - 10.000 245 10.001 - 15.000 94 15.001 - 20.000 70 20.001 - 25.000 35 25.001 - 30.000 24 30.001 - 54.000 16 Total 1,204 Table 10 In How Many Different Situations or Terms of Employment have You been Engaged during 1897 [NOCC] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Number or code Frequency -9(No response) 162 1 762 2 192 3 53 4 19 5 8 6 1 7 3 8 1 9 1 10 1 12 1 Total 1,204 Table 11 Average Number of Hours Worked Per Day during 1897 [HOURS] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Hours or code Frequency -9(No response) 129 1.00 - 5.00 hours 25 5.01 - 6.00 38 6.01 - 7.00 26 7.01 - 8.00 102 8.01 - 9.00 97 9.01 - 10.00 465 10.01 - 11.00 47 11.01 - 12.00 167 12.01 - 13.00 42 13.01 - 14.00 47 14.01 - 15.00 12 15.01 - 18.00 7 Total 1,204 Table 12 Rate of Pay for Overtime, Per Hour [PAYOVER] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 1,013 $0.015 - 0.100 4 0.101 - 0.200 50 0.201 - 0.300 64 0.301 - 0.400 51 0.401 - 0.500 17 0.501 - 1.500 5 Total 1,204 Table 13 Are Your Working Hours Reduced or Increased on Saturday? [IFCHGSAT] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 269 1 No 712 2 Decreased 31 3 Increased 136 4 R. 56 Total 1,204 Table 14 How Much are Working Hours on Saturday Changed? [CHGHRS] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Hours or code Frequency -9(No response) 989 If answer in Table 11[IFCHGSAT] is 'Decreased' 0.50 - 1.00 hour 15 1.01 - 2.00 6 2.01 - 3.00 2 3.01 - 10.00 5 If answer in Table 11[IFCHGSAT] is 'Increased' 0.50 - 1.00 hour 42 1.01 - 2.00 60 2.01 - 3.00 20 3.01 - 5.00 11 If answer in Table 11[IFCHGSAT] is 'R.' 0.50 - 1.00 hour 32 1.01 - 2.00 7 2.01 - 3.00 2 3.01 - 15.00 13 Total 1,204 Table 15 Has Opportunity for Employment Increased or Decreased? [CHGOPP] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 326 1 No 339 2 Decreased 157 3 Increased 382 Total 1,204 Table 16 In favor of Eight-hour Work-day Established by Law [LAWHRS] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 149 1 No 305 2 Yes 750 Total 1,204 Table 17 Rate of Wages Received Per Hour [WAGEHR] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Wages or code Frequency -9(No response) 1,029 $0.05 - 0.10 4 0.11 - 0.15 17 0.16 - 0.20 31 0.21 - 0.25 90 0.26 - 0.30 15 0.31 - 0.35 14 0.36 - 0.40 4 Total 1,204 Table 18 Rate of Wages Received Per Ton [WAGETON] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Wages or code Frequency -9(No response) 1,180 $0.41 - 0.50 1 0.51 - 0.75 3 0.76 - 1.00 18 1.01 - 1.25 2 Total 1,204 Table 19 Rate of Wages Received Per Day [WAGEDAY] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Wages or code Frequency -9(No response) 1,082 $0.50 - 1.00 28 1.01 - 1.50 73 1.51 - 2.00 16 2.01 - 2.50 5 Total 1,204 Table 20 Rate of Wages Received Per Week [WAGEWK] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Wages or code Frequency -9(No response) 841 $1.00 - 2.50 29 2.51 - 5.00 53 5.01 - 7.50 76 7.51 - 10.00 91 10.01 - 12.50 44 12.51 - 15.00 41 15.01 - 17.50 9 17.51 - 20.00 12 20.01 - 31.25 8 Total 1,204 Table 21 Rate of Wages Received Per Month [WAGEMO] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Wages or code Frequency -9(No response) 865 $8.00 - 20.00 37 20.01 - 30.00 69 30.01 - 40.00 79 40.01 - 50.00 76 50.01 - 60.00 39 60.01 - 70.00 11 70.01 - 80.00 8 80.01 - 90.00 11 90.01 - 100.00 6 100.01 - 145.00 3 Total 1,204 Table 22 Rate of Wages Received Per Mile [WAGEMILE] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Wages or code Frequency -9(No response) 1,096 $0.015 - 0.020 27 0.021 - 0.030 47 0.031 - 0.040 33 0.041 - 0.122 1 Total 1,204 Table 23 Have Wages Compared with 1896 Increased or Decreased? [IFCHGWG] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 382 1 No 488 2 Decreased 118 3 Increased 216 Total 1,204 Table 24 Percentage of Changes in Wages Compared with 1896 [CHGWAGE] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Percent or code Frequency -9(No response) 944 -8(Decreased by $10.00) 1 If answer in Table 23 [IFCHGWG] is 'Decreased' 0.333 - 5.000 % 23 5.001 - 10.000 19 10.001 - 15.000 8 15.001 - 20.000 17 20.001 - 25.000 12 25.001 - 30.000 3 30.001 - 100.000 16 If answer in Table 23 [IFCHGWG] is 'Increased' 0.333 - 5.000 % 22 5.001 - 10.000 33 10.001 - 15.000 19 15.001 - 20.000 29 20.001 - 25.000 28 25.001 - 30.000 7 30.001 - 100.000 23 Total 1,204 Table 25 Total Wages Received during 1897 [WAGE] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Wages or code Frequency -9(No response) 247 $16.00 - 100.00 35 100.01 - 200.00 108 200.01 - 300.00 167 300.01 - 400.00 159 400.01 - 500.00 138 500.01 - 600.00 122 600.01 - 700.00 65 700.01 - 800.00 65 800.01 - 900.00 37 900.01 - 1,000.00 17 1,000.01 - 2,750.00 44 Total 1,204 Table 26 Number of others in Family Working for Wages Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Frequency Number Males Females Total or code [OMALEMP] [OFEMEMP] [OTOTEMP] -9(No response) 1,195 1,203 1,195 1 6 1 6 2 2 0 1 3 0 0 1 9 1 0 1 Total 1,204 1,204 1,204 Table 27 Total Earnings of Others in Family for 1897 Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Frequency Number Males Females Total or code [OMALINC] [OFEMINC] [OTOTINC] -9(No response) 1,198 1,204 1,198 $144 1 0 1 157 1 0 1 205 1 0 1 409 1 0 1 640 1 0 1 1,200 1 0 1 Total 1,204 1,204 1,204 Table 28 Income from other Sources during 1897 [OTHINC] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 964 $2.00 - 25.00 56 25.01 - 50.00 46 50.01 - 75.00 26 75.01 - 100.00 27 100.01 - 125.00 10 125.01 - 150.00 20 150.01 - 175.00 6 175.01 - 200.00 13 200.01 - 1,000.00 36 Total 1,204 Table 29 Grand Total Income from all Sources for 1897 [TOTEAR] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 242 $16.00 - 100.00 29 100.01 - 200.00 93 200.01 - 300.00 151 300.01 - 400.00 159 400.01 - 500.00 137 500.01 - 600.00 124 600.01 - 700.00 71 700.01 - 800.00 68 800.01 - 900.00 43 900.01 - 1,000.00 27 1,000.01 - 3,150.00 60 Total 1,204 Table 30 Intervals of Wage Payment Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Frequency Present Preference Code Response [PERIOD] [PREFPER] -9 No response 1,154 1,156 1 Daily 0 2 2 Weekly 0 32 3 Biweekly 28 14 4 Monthly 21 0 5 Irregularly 1 0 Total 1,204 1,204 Table 31 How Wages are Paid Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Frequency In cash In orders Code Response [PAYCASH] [PAYSTORE] -9 No response 1,154 1,161 2 Yes 50 43 Total 1,204 1,204 Table 32 Percent Paid in Store Orders or Scrip [PCTSTORE] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Percent or code Frequency -9(No response) 1,167 1.00 - 10.00 % 2 10.01 - 20.00 1 20.01 - 30.00 0 30.01 - 40.00 1 40.01 - 50.00 8 50.01 - 60.00 1 60.01 - 70.00 1 70.01 - 80.00 4 80.01 - 90.00 9 90.01 - 100.00 10 Total 1,204 Table 33 Percent of Increased Cost of Merchandise when Paid in Scrip [COLINC] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Percent or code Frequency -9(No response) 1,165 2.00 - 10.00 % 6 10.01 - 20.00 8 20.01 - 30.00 3 30.01 - 40.00 14 40.01 - 50.00 2 50.01 - 60.00 3 60.01 - 70.00 1 70.01 - 80.00 0 80.01 - 90.00 1 90.01 - 100.00 1 Total 1,204 Table 34 Cost of Living -- Food [COLFOOD] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 745 $40.00 - 50.00 6 50.01 - 100.00 44 100.01 - 150.00 112 150.01 - 200.00 116 200.01 - 250.00 80 250.01 - 300.00 54 300.01 - 1,000.00 47 Total 1,204 Table 35 Cost of Living -- Fuel [COLFUEL] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 814 $2.00 - 10.00 40 10.01 - 20.00 96 20.01 - 30.00 123 30.01 - 40.00 62 40.01 - 50.00 43 50.01 - 60.00 8 60.01 - 150.00 18 Total 1,204 Table 36 Cost of Living -- Clothing [COLCLOT] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 754 $5.00 - 20.00 36 20.01 - 30.00 51 30.01 - 40.00 44 40.01 - 50.00 91 50.01 - 60.00 33 60.01 - 70.00 9 70.01 - 80.00 48 80.01 - 90.00 9 90.01 - 100.00 59 100.01 - 330.00 70 Total 1,204 Table 37 Cost of Living -- Sickness [COLSICK] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 873 $1.00 - 20.00 172 20.01 - 40.00 71 40.01 - 60.00 26 60.01 - 80.00 14 80.01 - 100.00 19 100.01 - 500.00 29 Total 1,204 Table 38 Cost of Living -- Sundries [COLSUND] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 853 $1.00 - 25.00 81 25.01 - 50.00 79 50.01 - 75.00 62 75.01 - 100.00 47 100.01 - 125.00 22 125.01 - 150.00 21 150.01 - 625.00 39 Total 1,204 Table 39 Total Cost of Living [COLYR] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 615 $50.00 - 100.00 6 100.01 - 200.00 67 200.01 - 300.00 137 300.01 - 400.00 127 400.01 - 500.00 101 500.01 - 600.00 68 600.01 - 700.00 31 700.01 - 800.00 22 800.01 - 900.00 16 900.01 - 1,000.00 8 1,000.00 - 1,474.00 6 Total 1,204 Table 40 Has Cost of Living Increased or Decreased Compared with 1896? [COLCHG] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 841 1 No 185 2 Decreased 19 3 Increased 159 Total 1,204 Table 41 Change in Cost of Living Compared with 1896 [CHGCOL] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Percent or code Frequency -9(No response) 1,180 3.00 - 5.00 % 4 5.01 - 10.00 11 10.01 - 15.00 3 15.01 - 20.00 2 20.01 - 25.00 1 25.01 - 50.00 3 Total 1,204 Table 42 How Many Kids are of School Age? Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Frequency Number Males Females Total or code [MSCHKIDS] [FSCHKIDS] [TSCHKIDS] -9(No response) 1,181 1,182 1,176 1 kid 9 12 6 2 7 7 8 3 5 1 4 4 0 2 4 5 1 0 2 6 0 0 1 7 1 0 3 Total 1,204 1,204 1,204 Table 43 How Many Kids are Attending School? Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Frequency Number Males Females Total or code [MALESCH] [FEMSCH] [SCH] -9(No response) 1,184 1,182 1,178 1 kid 8 13 6 2 7 8 8 3 4 0 5 4 0 1 4 5 1 0 1 6 0 0 0 7 0 0 2 Total 1,204 1,204 1,204 Table 44 To What Labor Organization do You Belong? [UNION] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 889 1 A. F. of L. 4 2 B. M. U. 5 3 B. of C. & J. 5 4 B. of C. & J. of A. 1 5 B. of L. E. 38 6 B. of L. F. 43 7 B. of R. T. 42 8 C. G. S. & P. A. 1 9 C. I. U. of N. A. 12 10 C. M. I. U. 13 11 C. U. 2 12 F. L. U. 1 13 G. W. U. 1 14 I. A. of M. 7 15 I. B. B. 10 16 I. M. U. 6 17 I. S. M. U. 2 18 I. T. U. 26 19 J. B. I. U. 13 20 K. of L. 29 21 Mus. U. 1 22 N. R. C. P. A. 2 23 N. U. S. E. 1 24 O. R. C. 23 25 O. R. T. 12 26 P. B. U. 4 27 P. P. F. 1 28 P. P. U. 1 29 S. C. A. 1 30 S. F. 2 31 S. M. U. 3 32 U. C. T. 1 33 U. M. W. 2 Total 1,204 Table 45 What Kind of Insurance Carried? [INSUR] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 568 1 Accident 14 2 Accident & fire 7 3 Accident & life 67 4 Fire 51 5 Fire & cyclone 1 6 Fire & life 131 7 Fire, life & accident 35 8 Life 330 Total 1,204 Table 46 Nature of Employment Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Frequency Dangerous Unhealthful Code Response [DANGER] [UNHEALTH] -9 No response 155 274 1 No 693 660 2 Yes 356 270 Total 1,204 1,204 Table 47 Separate Water-Closets for the Sexes [SEPWC] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 865 1 No 119 2 Yes 220 Total 1,204 Table 48 Source of Water for Family Use [WTRSOURC] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 110 1 Cistern 158 2 Cistern & Well 132 3 Cistern & Water-works 43 4 Cistern, Well & Water-works 15 5 Spring 3 6 Spring & cistern 1 7 Water-works 187 8 Well 511 9 Well & Water-works 44 Total 1,204 Table 49 Condition of Water-supply for Family Use Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Frequency Plentiful Wholesome Code Response [WTRPLENT] [WTRWHOLE] -9 No response 181 225 1 No 133 93 2 Yes 890 886 Total 1,204 1,204 Table 50 Distance of Water-Supply from nearest Contamination [DISWTR] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Feet or code Frequency -9(No response) 435 7.00 - 25.00 feet 28 25.01 - 50.00 126 50.01 - 75.00 147 75.01 - 100.00 288 100.01 - 125.00 40 125.01 - 150.00 61 150.01 - 500.00 79 Total 1,204 Table 51 Are You Making Investment? [IFINVEST] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 177 1 No 816 2 Yes 211 Total 1,204 Table 52 Amount of your Investment Per Annum [INVEST] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 1,013 $4.00 - 25.00 20 25.01 - 50.00 31 50.01 - 75.00 43 75.01 - 100.00 25 100.01 - 125.00 15 125.01 - 150.00 17 150.01 - 800.00 40 Total 1,204 Table 53 Do You Own Homes? [OWNHM] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 86 1 No 728 2 Yes 390 Total 1,204 Table 54 Is your Home Free from Incumbrance? [IFINCUMB] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 815 1 No 165 2 Yes 224 Total 1,204 Table 55 Amount of Incumbrance [INCUMB] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 1,051 $20.00 - 100.00 31 100.01 - 200.00 38 200.01 - 300.00 27 300.01 - 400.00 21 400.01 - 500.00 9 500.01 - 1,400.00 27 Total 1,204 Table 56 Monthly Rent [RENT] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Rent or code Frequency -9(No response) 734 $1.00 - 2.00 24 2.01 - 3.00 66 3.01 - 4.00 59 4.01 - 5.00 84 5.01 - 6.00 64 6.01 - 7.00 34 7.01 - 8.00 41 8.01 - 9.00 17 9.01 - 10.00 45 10.01 - 11.00 6 11.01 - 12.00 15 12.01 - 25.00 15 Total 1,204 Table 57 Do You Favor Restriction or Suppression of Foreign Immigration? [RESIMM] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 212 1 No 84 2 Restriction 670 3 Suppression 238 Total 1,204 Table 58 Sunday Work Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Frequency Required Favor Practical Code Response [WKSUN] [RESTSUN] [ADOPT] -9 No response 61 132 297 1 No 690 307 324 2 Yes 453 765 583 Total 1,204 1,204 1,204 Table 59 Endorsing and Demanding Continuance of Labor Bureau [ENDORSE] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 345 1 No 93 2 Yes 766 Total 1,204 Table 60 Comment on Type of the Respondents [COMMENT] Survey of 1,204 Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1897 Code Response Frequency 1 Male wage-earners in miscellaneous trades 819 2 Railway labor 250 3 Women wage-earners 135 Total 1,204