Political Economy of American Indian and White Relations Economics 390J/History 385 Professor Leonard Carlson Department of Economics Emory University Spring 1997 This course will consider a number of topics in the history of the relationship between Native Americans and Europeans and Africans in the United States. Topics include: Indian and white relations in the colonial era; the origins of federal Indian policy under the Constitution; the removal of Indians from the Southeast in the 1830's; the creation of reservations in the 1850s; the economics of land allotment in the years from 1887-1934; the creation of tribal governments after 1934; the economics of tribal termination in the 1950's; and the role of tribal enterprises today. Where possible we will use economic analysis to consider these issues. Since the group is small, I plan to leave lots of time for class discussion and presentations. Writing requirement may be satisfied in this course. Announcements: You are responsible for any announcements or assignments made in class. In particular, homework problem sets will be distributed periodically in class. Prerequisite: Economics 101. Textbooks Required: Francis Paul Prucha, The Great Father, Abridged Edition, Lincoln Nebraska, University of Nebraska Press, 1984. (referred as Prucha) Anderson, Terry, Sovereign Nations or Reservations? An Economic History of American Indians, Lanham Md., Distributed by National Book Network, for Pacific Research. Institute, 1995. (referred to as Anderson) Optional (and too expensive --it's available on reserve): Carlson, Leonard A., Indians, Bureaucrats, and Land: The Dawes Act and the Decline of Indian Farming, The Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut, 1981.. OFFICE, PHONE, AND E-MAIL:. 1635 N. Decatur Road, 727-6375, econlac@emory.edu. OFFICE HOURS: Mondays, 1:40-2:40, Wednesdays, 9:30-10:30, Thursdays 10:00- 12:00, and by arrangement. LearnLink: A LearnLink conference has been set up for this class. You can log into the conference for this class from most of the computers on campus. Be sure to check this periodically for assignments and as a chance to ask questions. This is part of class participation. HONOR CODE: The honor code is taken seriously in this course. If you have a question concerning what is appropriate for an assignment or anything else, ask me. In general, you are expected to behave such that your academic integrity is beyond question. Examinations and Assignments Assignment Weight Class Attendance and Participation10% Short paper 10% Paper and discussion 40% Final Exam 40% This schedule of exams and assignments is subject to change. Any changes will be announced in class. Students are responsible for all announcements made in class. Research Paper Each of you will be expected to do a grammatically sound term paper on a topic of your choosing, after a discussion with me. The paper should be typed and double-spaced and roughly 20 pages in length, exclusive of tables and references. The bibliography must have at least eight entries. A brief abstract and working bibliography will be due by March 1. The final version of the paper is due the last day of class. Prior to that I would like each of you to present your work briefly in class in 20 minute presentations. One student will be asked to comment on the paper during the class discussion. An additional handout on the paper will be given out soon. Course Assignments Introduction Axtell, 'Colonial America Without the Indians: A Counterfactual Scenario,' in Hoxie, (ed.), Indians in American History, 47-66. Thinking of Institutions: Indian and European Anderson, ch. 1, 2 Hardin, Garett, 'The Tragedy of the Commons,' Science, 162, 1243-1248. Demsetz, Harold, 'Towards a Theory of Property Rights,' American Economic Review, vol. 57, no. 2, 1967, pp. 347-359. Linton, 'Land Tenure in Aboriginal America,' in La Farge (ed.), The Changing Indian, Norman, the University of Oklahoma Press, 1943, pp. 42-54. Bailey, Martin, 'The Approximate Optimality of Aboriginal Property Rights,' Journal of Law and Economics, vol. 35, April 1992, pp. 183-198. Carlson, "Learning to Farm: Indian Land Tenure and Farming Before the Dawes Act," in Terry L. Anderson (Editor), Property Rights, Constitutions and Indian Economies, Rowan and Littlefield, 1992, pp. 67-83. Gwartney, 'Public Choice: Understanding Government and Government Failure,' ch. 19 in James Gwartney and Richard Stroup, Microeconomics: Private and Public Choice, Seventh Edition, New York, Dryden/HBJ, 1994. David, Paul A.,(1992) "Why Are Institutions the "Carriers of History," working paper presented to Stanford Institute for Theoretical Economics, July 1992, revised version, October 1992. Underhill, Ruth, Red Man's America, ch. 3-5. First Contact: Why were the English different than the Spanish? Prucha, 'Prologue.' Yeager, Timothy J., 'Encomienda or Slavery? The Spanish Crown's Choice of Labor Organization in Sixteenth Century Spanish America", Journal of Economic History, vol. 55, no. 4, Dec. 1995, pp. 842-859. Washburn, Red Man's Land-White Man's Law, ch. 1. The Colonial Period and British Indian Policy Prucha, ch. 1. Salisbury, 'The History of Native Americans From Before the Arrival of the Europeans and Africans Until the American Civil War,' in Engerman and Gallman (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of the United States, Vol. I, The Colonial Era, New York, Cambr idge University Press, 1996, pp. 1-52. Spicer, A Short History of the Indians of the United States, ch. 1, 2. Washburn, Red Man's Land-White Man's Law, ch. 2. Indian Policy in the New Republic Prucha, ch. 2,3. Spicer, A Short History of the Indians of the United States, ch. 3. Removal and the Westward Movement of the Frontier Prucha, ch. 4-6. Walton and Rockoff, History of the American Economy, ch. 8. Atack and Passell, A New Economic View of American History Second Edition, ch. 9. Kanazawa, Mark, 'Possession is Nine Points of the Law: The Political Economy of Early Public Land Disposal,' Explorations in Economic History, vol. 33, # 2 Apr. 1996, pp. 227-249. Wishart, 'Evidence of Surplus Production in the Cherokee Nation Prior to Removal,' Journal of Economic History, vol. 55, no. 1, March. 1995, pp. 120-138. The Reservation System Prucha, ch. 7-9 After The Civil War: The Peace Policy. Prucha, ch. 10-14 Anderson, ch. 4,5 Assimilation and Policy: Allotment of Indian Lands Prucha, ch. 15-20. Carlson, Indians, Bureaucrats and Land, ch. 1-3 (the political Economy of allotment) Carlson, Carlson, Indians, Bureaucrats and Land, ch. 4-6, or, Carlson, "Land Allotment and the Decline of American Indian Farming," Explorations in Economic History, Vol. 18, no. 2, April 1981, pp. 128-154. (the impact of allotment on Indian farmers) Anderson, ch. 6 Hurt, Indian Agriculture in America, ch. 9. Lewis, 'Farming and the Northern Ute Experience,' in Newberry Library, D'Arcy McNickle Center, Overcoming Dependency, working paper, pp. 142-156. Reform and Revision: The Indian New Deal Prucha, ch. 21, 22 Libecap and Johnson, 'Legislating the Commons: The Navajo Tribal Council and the Navajo Range,' Economic Inquiry, January 1980. pp. 69-84. Carlson, "The Economics and Politics of Irrigation Projects On Indian Reservations, 1910-1940" in Linda Barrington ( ed.), The Other Side of the Frontier: Economic Explorations into Native American History, Westview Press, forthcoming. Xerox on reserve. Reform of Reform: Termination and Relocation Prucha, ch. 23 The Modern Era: Federalism and Tribal Economic Development Prucha, ch. 24, 25 Novak, 'The Real Takeover of the BIA,' Journal of Economic History, vol. 50, no. 3, Sept. 1990, pp. 639-654. Anderson, ch. 7,8. Haddock, 'Foreseeing Confiscation By the Sovereign,' In Anderson and Hill, The Political Economy of the American West, Rowan and Littlefield, 1994, pp.129-146. Kalt and Cornell, 'The Redefinition of Property Rights on American Indian Reservations: A Comparative Analysis of Native American Economic Development,' in Legters and Lyden (eds.) American Indian Policy, Westport, Greenwood Press, 1994, pp. 121-150. P. Carlson, 'Undone: Native Americans are the Country's Poorest Minority.' Washington Post Magazine, February 23, 1997. p. 6-22. Eckholm, 'The Apaches,' and Clines, 'The Pequots,' New York Times Magazine, February 27, 1994, pp. 45-52. LaCroix and Rose, 'The Hawaiian Home Lands Program: Return to the Land or Bureaucratic Cage?' in Linda Barrington (ed.), The Other Side of the Frontier: Economic Explorations into Native American History, Westview Press, forthcoming. Xerox on reserve.